Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes
Protein catalyst
Speed up reactions without being used up
Enzymes produced
Ribosome
Enzymes shape
Folded
Substrate
Substance with which the enzyme reacts
Product
Is the substance the enzyme forms
Active site
Part of an enzyme that combines with a substrate
Specificity of an enzyme
Enzyme will only react on one substrate as the shape of the active site must watch the substrate
Optimum activity
Enzyme work at its maximum rate
Denatured enzymes
Lost its shape and function
Enzyme substrate complex
Enzyme and substrate together
Type of enzymes
Anabolic
Addition of smaller molecules to form larger molecules
DNA polymerase
Type of enzyme
Catabolic
Beeakdown of larger molecules to smaller molecules
Amylase
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Temp
Ph
Immobilized enzymes
Bio processing
The use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a protein
Immobilized enzymes
Bio reactor
A vessel in which living cells or their products are used to make a product
Immobilized enzymes
Enzymes that are fixed to each other or an inert material
Physical method of immobilizing enzymes
-adsorption means that enzymes are physically attached to inactive suppports like glass beads
-enclosed by a membrane
-trapped in a gel sodium alginate commonly used
Chemical methods of immobilizing enzymes
-bonded to a support
-bonded to each other
Advantages of immobilized enzymes
-can be reused
-recovered easily
-pure product creates
Use of immobilized enzymes
Soft drinks
Penicillin acylase
How enzymes work
Active site theory
-has a compementary shape to substrate they combine
-the active site changes shape slightly to allow a induced fit
-enzyme-substrate complex is formed
-product is formed and released
-enzyme returns to its original shape and can be reused
Energy carriers
The body needs energy carriers to supply energy to cells
ADP
-Adenosine di phosphate
-Found in cells of all organisms
-Supplies small amount of energy
•composition
-adenine (base)
-ribose (5 carbon sugar)
-2 phosphate groups
ATP
Adenosine tri phosphate
-supplies a lot of energy to cells
•composition
-adenine (a base)
-ribose (5-carbon sugar)
-3phosphate group
Photosynthesis
NADP+ :nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
-low energy molecule ,can accept two high energy electrons combined with a proton to form NADPH
NADPH
-the addition of electrons to a molecule is called reduction
-high energy molecul
Respiration
NAD+ : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
-low energy molecule
NADH
-high energy molecule
