Genetics Flashcards
Alleles
Different forms of the same gene
Locus
A genes position on a chromosome
Dominant
The allele prevents the recessive allele from working
Recessive
The allele is masked by the dominant gene
Genotype
Genetic make up of an organism
Phenotype
Physical expression of a gene
Progency
Offspring that are produced
Homozygous
The alleles present are identical
Heterozygous
The alleles present are different
Autosomes
Non sec chromosomes
Incomplete dominance
Neither allele is dominant or recessive with respect to the other. An intermediate phenotype is produced
-not common
- eg roan coloured cattle and pink snapdragons flowers
Pedigree studies
Diagram showing the genetic history of a group of related individuals
Father of genetics
Gregor medel
-investigated garden peas and inbheritnace characteristics
Mendelssohn first law
Law of segregation
-inherited traits are controlled by pairs of factors
-these factors separate during gamete formation
-each gamete contains one factor for each trait
Mono hybrid cross
Study of one characteristic
Mendels second law
Law of independent assortment
-when gametes form each member of one pair of alleles is equally likely to combine with either member of another pair of alleles
Dihyvrid crosses
Study of two characteristics at the same time
Eg size and color
Linkage
Genes found on the same chromosome
Sex linkage
Gene found on the X chromosome
Eg of sex linked characteristics
1 colour blindness
2 haemopholia - bleeding disorder by lack of particular blood protein
Non nuclear inheritance
Present in mitochondria and chloroplast
(Both of these organelles reproduce themselves and pass on there genes to the resulting organelles)
