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Bio > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how living things interact with each other and to their environment

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2
Q

Ecosystem

A

Group of living organisms and their interactions with there environment

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

Any part of the earth where life can exist

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4
Q

Habitat

A

A place where a plant or animal lives

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5
Q

Population

A

All the members of the same species living in an area

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6
Q

Community

A

All the different populations in an area

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7
Q

Flora

A

Plants

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8
Q

Fauna

A

Animals

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9
Q

Niche

A

Functional role of an organism in an ecosystem

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10
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living factors
Eg light intensity,air speed

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11
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors
Eg predators, prey,parasites

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12
Q

Climatic

A

Weather conditions that effect an ecosystem
Eg temp,rainfall

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13
Q

Edaphic

A

Soil factors
Eg soil type,soil PH

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14
Q

Food chain

A

Sequence of organisms showing the transfer of energy from one to the next

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15
Q

Grazing food chain

A

One where the initial plan is living
Eg. Grass - rabbit - fox

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16
Q

Detritus food chain

A

Begins with dead organic matter and animal waste

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17
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that can make there own food

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18
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that can’t make there own food they feed on other organisms

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19
Q

1.primary consumers

A

Feed on producers
Eg. Herbivores (eat plants only)

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20
Q

2.secondary consumers

A

Feed on primary consumers
Eg. Carnivores (eat meat only)

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21
Q

3.tertiary consumers

A

Feed on secondary consumers

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22
Q

Omnivores

A

Organisms that eat plants and animals

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23
Q

Tropic levels

A

The position of an organism in a food chain

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24
Q

Food web

A

A number of interlinked food chains and shows the feeding relationships between organisms in the ecosystem

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25
Q

Nutrients recycling

A

The reuse of nutrients by organisms

26
Q

Key

A

A guide for identification of flora and fauna

27
Q

Qualitative survey

A

Measuring the prescenece or absence of organisms

28
Q

Quantitative survey

A

Measuring the amount of organisms present

29
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

The conversion of nitrogen gas into nitrates

30
Q

Nitrification

A

The conversion of ammonia to nitrate and nitrate to nitrate

31
Q

Dentrification

A

The conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas

32
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria
-function of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates

33
Q

Bacteria

-function of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Decay nitrogen waste to ammonia

34
Q

Nitrifying bacteria

-function of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Converts ammonia to nitrates then nitrates

35
Q

Dentrifying bacterua

-function of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Converts nitrates to nitrogen

36
Q

Pollution

A

Any harmful addition to the environment

37
Q

Pollutants

A

Substances that causes pollution

38
Q

Eutrophication

A

A condition where lakes become over- enriched with nutrients resulting from excess artificial fertilisers washed into rivers and lakes

39
Q

Conservation

A

The management of the environment

40
Q

Waste management

A

Reduce reuse recycle

41
Q

Waste management in agriculture - slurry

A

Problem- pollutes rivers - eutrophication
Solution - spread during misty weather 2 meters from any water course

42
Q

Composting

A

Aerobic process during which micro- organisms decompose organic matter into a stable substance called compost which recycled all the by required for plan growth

43
Q

Organic matter

A

Dead plants and animals

44
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

Represent the numbers of organisms at each tropic level in a food chain

45
Q

Factors that control population

A

Competition , parasitism , predation
- help maintain population numbers and a balance of nature

46
Q

Competition

A

Struggle between organisms for resource that are in short supply

47
Q

Contest competition

A

Struggle between two organisms for a resource where only one wins

48
Q

Scramble competition

A

Each organism gets an equal share of of the resource and there is no direct opposition

49
Q

Intra-specific competition

A

Occurs between members of the same species

50
Q

Inter - specific competition

A

Occurs between members of different species

51
Q

Parasitism

A

A relationship in which one organism called the parasite benefits from another , the host , while causing harm to it

52
Q

Parasite

A

Living organisms that live on/in an organism causing it harm

53
Q

Type of parasite
1.ectoparasite

A

Live outside an organism causing it harm (fleas on a dog

54
Q

Type of parasite
2.endoparasute

A

Live inside an organism causing it harm (liver fluke in sheep)

55
Q

How do parasites differ from predators??

A

Smaller
Often attack within

56
Q

Predation

A

Capturing,killing and eating other organisms for food

57
Q

Predator

A

Animal that catches,kills and eats other animals or food

58
Q

Prey

A

Animals that are hunted, killed and eaten by predators

59
Q

Symbiosis

A

When two organisms of different species live in close association where at least one of them benefits

60
Q

Trophic

A

Feeding

Bio (2 decks)

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