Scientific Foundations (10%-14%)

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Science

Answer 2

Uses empirical evidence in the scientific method

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

Early approach that focused on the structure of the mind through introspections (the process of looking inward)

Edward Titchner

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

Focused on the purpose of the mind

William James

Question 5

Nature

Answer 5

Genetics

Question 6

Nurture

Answer 6

Environment

Question 7

Basic research

Answer 7

Build psychologies knowledge

Question 8

Applied research

Answer 8

Application of existing knowledge in the real world

Question 9

Operational definition

Answer 9

Way of measuring or quantifying a variable

Example you measure happiness by the number of smiles


Question 10

Replication

Answer 10

Repeating the experiment with different participants. This will determine if the results can be generalized to other participants and other situations

Question 11

Case study

Answer 11

Examine one person or group in depth

Question 12

Naturalistic observation

Answer 12

Describes behavior and it’s most natural state without interference or intervention

Question 13

Survey

Answer 13

Self report data, questions are influenced by wording 

Question 14

Random sampling

Answer 14

Gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected for the sample

Question 15

Random assignment

Answer 15

Randomly assigning participants to the control group or experimental group to establish cause-and-effect. It would illuminate or reduce the impact of specific individual differences/confounding variables

Question 16

Correlation

Answer 16

Predictions, is not causation

Question 17

Correlation coefficient

Answer 17

Close to zero equals weak relationship
Close to one equals strong positive relationship
Close to negative one equals strong negative relationship

Question 18

Independent variable

Answer 18

Is the variable you think that will cause

Question 19

Dependent variable

Answer 19

Affect person or a group

Question 20

Confounding variable

Answer 20

Factor other than the factor being studied that might influence of studies results

Question 21

Experimental group

Answer 21

Treatment group

Question 22

Control group

Answer 22

No treatment, comparison group

Question 23

Single blind procedure

Answer 23

When participants don’t know if they are getting the treatment or the placebo

Question 24

Double blind procedure

Answer 24

When neither the researcher or participants know who received the treatment or placebo

Question 25

Descriptive statistics

Answer 25

Describes a set of data

Question 26

Inferential statistics

Answer 26

Draw conclusions about the sets of data

Question 27

Mean

Answer 27

Average value

Question 28

Median

Answer 28

Middle value

Question 29

Mode

Answer 29

Occurs the most

Question 30

Right skewed distribution

Answer 30

Median is to the left of the mean, tail on right side

Question 31

Left skewed distribution

Answer 31

Median is to the right of the main, tail on left side

Question 32

Standard deviation

Answer 32

How scores vary around the mean score

Question 33

Statistical significance

Answer 33

How likely that a result occurred by chance | P value less than .05

Question 34

American psychological association

Answer 34

Establishes ethic codes

Question 35

Institutional review board

Answer 35

Review proposals for research, approval needed for experiment

Question 36

Informed consent

Answer 36

All subjects given necessary information to decide to participate in the study or not

Question 37

Confidentiality

Answer 37

Any data collected in the experiment should remain confidential

Question 38

Debriefing

Answer 38

Experimenter tells the subject more information about the studies purpose and procedures after the study is completed

Question 39

Experiments

Answer 39

Establish cause-and-effect, manipulate variables