Motivation, Emotion And Personality (11%-15%) Flashcards
Instinct theory
People are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionary/genetically programmed to do with survival instincts
Incentive theory
We are pulled into action by positive or negative outside incentives
Yerks Dodson law
Increase the arousal can help improve performance, but only up to a certain point. As the point went arousal becomes excessive, performance diminishes
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs
Psychological needs then safety needs and belonging in love then esteem needs then self actualization
Self efficacy
Persons belief in their ability to succeed in a certain situation
Hypothalamus
Most of the biological feeling of hunger comes from this brain structure
Lateral hypothalamus
The on button for eating if stimulated, causes you to feel hunger
Ventromedial hypothalamus
The off button for eating when stimulated makes you feel full
Intrinsic motivation
Behavior that is driven by internal rewards (autonomy, mastery and purpose)
Extrinsic motivation
Behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades and praise
Over justification affect
Phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform the action
Approach approach conflict
Decide between two appealing goals
Avoidance avoidance conflict
Baking decision between two equally undesirable choices
Approach avoidance conflict
Making decisions about situations that have both positive and negative consequences
Sexual response cycle
Stages humans go through during sexual interaction
Display rule
A social group or cultures informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions
Common sense theory
stimulus leads to an emotion which leads to bodily arousal of nervous system
James Lange theory
Emotions occur as a result of physiological reaction to events
Facial feedback hypothesis
Facial expressions are connected to experiencing emotions
Cannon bard theory of emotions
Physical and psychological experience of emotion happen at the same time and that one does not cause another
Schachter singer two factor theory
Physiological arousal occurs first and then the individual must identify the reason for the survival and then label it as an emotion
Distress
Occurs when people experience unpleasant or undesirable stressors
General adaptation syndrome
Three stages of a body psychological reaction to stress alarm resistance exhaustion
Hans Selye
Locus of control
Refers to the extent to which people feel that they have control over events that influence their lives
Internal locus of control
You believe that you have control over what happens
External locus of control
Blame outside forces for their circumstances
Psychoanalytic theories
Developed the theory of personality development
Sigmund Freud
ID
Part of the human personality that is made up of all our inborn biological urges that seek out immediate gratification
Ego
Largely conscious executive part of the personality that mediates among the ID and the super ego and reality
Super ego
Part of personality that, represents internalized ideals and provide standards for a judgment and future aspirations
Defense mechanisms
Ego protects itself with tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality
Repression
Acts to keep information out of conscious awareness
Displacement
Involves taking out our frustrations, feelings and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening
Projection
Involves taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people
Regression
When confronted by stressful events, people sometimes abandon coping strategies and revert to patterns of behavior used earlier in development
Denial
Functions to protect the ego from things which the individual cannot cope
Rationalization
Involves explaining an unacceptable behavior or feeling in a rational or logical manner, avoiding the true reasons for that behavior
Reaction formation
Reduces anxiety by taking up the opposite feeling, impulse or behavior
Carl Jung
Thought all people had a collective unconscious which is a common collection of images that we have gained together as human beings from our ancestral and evolutionary past
Alfred Adler
People compensate for their inferiority complex is based on inadequacies
Karen Horney
Feminist perspective to psychoanalytic theory
Thematic apperception test
Projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interest through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Rorshach ink blot test
Most widely use projective test, participants or showing ink blots and asked what each one looks like
Reciprocal determinism
The person, environment, and behavior interact to determine patterns of behavior and thus personality
Albert Bandura
Ramen cattle 16 traits
16 traits are the source of all human personality
Factor analysis
Closer related terms and eventually reduced to the 16 list
Five big personality factors
Model of personality traits many researchers believe that they are the five core personality traits
Openness
Tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings and behaviors
Conscientiousness
Tendency to be careful, on time, follow rules into be hard-working
Extroversion
Tendency to be talkative, sociable and enjoy others
Agreeableness
Tendency to agree and go along with others rather to assert one’s own opinions and choices
Neuroticism
Tendency to frequently experience negative emotions
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
Most widely used assessment tool to help diagnose mental disorders
Myers-Briggs type indicator
Self-report inventory design to identify a persons personality type, strengths and preferences
