Learning (7%-9%)

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response

Question 2

Acquisition

Answer 2

The process of pairing the unconditioned stimulus with the condition stimulus

Question 3

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

Something that triggers a naturally occurring response

Question 4

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

Neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

Unconditioned response

Answer 5

Naturally occurring response that follows the unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

Conditioned response

Answer 6

The acquired response to the formally neutral stimulus

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

Conditioned response decreases or disappears

Question 8

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 8

Return of a previously extinct conditioned response after a rest period

Question 9

Stimulus generalization

Answer 9

Condition stimulus may evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned

Question 10

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 10

The ability to differentiate between a condition stimulus and other stimuli

Question 11

Operant conditioning

Answer 11

Learning through rewards and punishments for behavior

Question 12

Reinforcing stimulus

Answer 12

Strengthens or increases the behavior it follows

Question 13

Positive reinforcement

Answer 13

Add something good, behavior increases as a result

Question 14

Negative reinforcement

Answer 14

Remove something bad, behavior increases as a result

Question 15

Punishment stimulus

Answer 15

Presentation of a negative consequence that causes a decrease in behavior

Question 16

Positive punishment

Answer 16

Add something bad, behavior decreases

Question 17

Negative punishment

Answer 17

Remove something good, behavior decreases

Question 18

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 18

Timing of how often a desired response will be reinforced

Question 19

Fixed ratio

Answer 19

Responses reinforced only after a specific number of responses

Question 20

Variable ratio

Answer 20

Response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 21

Fixed interval

Answer 21

Response is rewarded only after a specific amount of time has elapsed

Question 22

Variable interval

Answer 22

Response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed

Question 23

Observational learning

Answer 23

Process of watching other then later imitating the behaviors that were observed

Question 24

Latent learning

Answer 24

One can learn something but not show the behavior right away

Question 25

Insight learning

Answer 25

Sudden realization of the problems solution that “just came to you“

Kohler

Question 26

Learned helplessness

Answer 26

Organism becomes helpless after learning they have no ability to change an outcome

(Seligman)