Learning (7%-9%) Flashcards

1
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response

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2
Q

Acquisition

A

The process of pairing the unconditioned stimulus with the condition stimulus

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3
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Something that triggers a naturally occurring response

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4
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus

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5
Q

Unconditioned response

A

Naturally occurring response that follows the unconditioned stimulus

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6
Q

Conditioned response

A

The acquired response to the formally neutral stimulus

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7
Q

Extinction

A

Conditioned response decreases or disappears

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8
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Return of a previously extinct conditioned response after a rest period

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9
Q

Stimulus generalization

A

Condition stimulus may evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned

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10
Q

Stimulus discrimination

A

The ability to differentiate between a condition stimulus and other stimuli

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11
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning through rewards and punishments for behavior

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12
Q

Reinforcing stimulus

A

Strengthens or increases the behavior it follows

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13
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Add something good, behavior increases as a result

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14
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Remove something bad, behavior increases as a result

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15
Q

Punishment stimulus

A

Presentation of a negative consequence that causes a decrease in behavior

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16
Q

Positive punishment

A

Add something bad, behavior decreases

17
Q

Negative punishment

A

Remove something good, behavior decreases

18
Q

Schedules of reinforcement

A

Timing of how often a desired response will be reinforced

19
Q

Fixed ratio

A

Responses reinforced only after a specific number of responses

20
Q

Variable ratio

A

Response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

21
Q

Fixed interval

A

Response is rewarded only after a specific amount of time has elapsed

22
Q

Variable interval

A

Response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed

23
Q

Observational learning

A

Process of watching other then later imitating the behaviors that were observed

24
Q

Latent learning

A

One can learn something but not show the behavior right away

25
Insight learning
Sudden realization of the problems solution that “just came to you“ Kohler
26
Learned helplessness
Organism becomes helpless after learning they have no ability to change an outcome (Seligman)