Clinical Psychology (12%-16%) Flashcards
Psychologist
Can’t prescribe meds, supports people through psychotherapy
Psychiatrist
Can prescribe meds, identify disorders/diagnosed generally, works inside of a hospital
Abnormal behavior
Deviant, distressing, dysfunctional, dangerous
Deinstitutionalization
When better psychotropic drugs were created this move it began to remove patients who were not considered a threats of themselves or the community from mental hospitals
Generalized anxiety disorder
Experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything
Panic disorder
Anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks
Specific phobia
Intense, irrational fear response to a specific stimuli
Agoraphobia
Afraid to be in public situations which escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic like or embarrassing symptoms were to occur
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Compound disorder of thought and behavior
Obsessions
Persistent, Intrusive and unwanted thoughts that an individual cannot get out of his or her mind
Compulsions
Ritualistic behaviors performed repeatedly
Post traumatic stress disorder
Result of some trauma experience by the victim. Victims re-experience the traumatic event in nightmares about the event or flash backs in which they relive the event
Bipolar disorder
Mood swings alternating between periods of major depression and mania
Major depressive disorder
Involves intense depressed mood, reduce interest or pleasure and activities, loss of energy, and problems in decision making for a minimum of two weeks
Paranoid personality disorder
Patterns of distrust and suspiciousness about other peoples motives, individual thinks that others are out to threaten, betray, exploit, or harm
Schizoid personality disorder
Persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion
Schizotypical personality disorder
Extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities
Antisocial personality disorder
General pattern of disregard for and violation of other peoples rights, closely linked to criminal behavior
Borderline personality disorder
Repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and mood and by impulsive behavior
Histrionic personality disorder
Characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality, dramatic and attention seeking
Narcissistic personality disorder
A broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
Avoidant personality disorder
Consistent discomfort and restraint and social situations, overwhelming feelings of an adequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation/potential rejection and humiliation
Dependent personality disorder
A pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation and an ongoing need to be taken care of
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism and control that the person loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Inability to focus attention or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both
Autism spectrum disorder
Extreme unresponsive to others, severe communication deficits and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests and activities
Intellectual disability
Disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average
Alzheimer’s disease
Fatal degenerative disease in which brain neurons progressively die, characterized by loss of memory, reasoning, emotion, and control of bodily functions
Anorexia nervosa
Life-threatening eating disorder that involves intense fear of weight gain or becoming overweight, disordered perception of one’s weight/body shape, persistent restriction of calorie intake
Body dysmorphia
Increasing cognitive miss perception of being overweight despite evidence to the contrary
Bulimia nervosa
Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors for the intake of food such as purging
Binge eating disorder
Uncontrollably eating a large amount of food in a short period of time, after binging episode a person will not purge and will feel an extreme sense of guilt
Somatic Symptom disorder
Characterized by physical symptoms including pain, and anxiety in these individuals about having a disease
Illness anxiety disorder
Characterized by a preoccupation with a serious medical or health condition with either no or mild physical symptoms such as nausea or dizziness that persist for six months
Conversion disorder
Characterized by loss of some bodily functions without physical damage to the affected organs or their neural connections
Dissociative amnesia
Loss of memory for a traumatic event or period of time that is too painful for an individual to remember
Dissociative identity disorder
Rare mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring identities or dissociative personality states that recurrently control a persons behavior
Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorates as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions and motor abnormalities
Dopamine hypothesis
High fluctuation of levels of dopamine can be responsible for schizophrenic symptoms
Flooding
Exposing people to fear invoking objects or situation intensely and rapidly
Systematic desensitization
Client makes a list of fears and then learns to relax while concentrating on these fears
Joseph Wolpe 
Aversion therapy
Pairing an undesirable behavior with and aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced
Token economy
Behavioral strategy relies on reinforcement to modify behavior. Clients are allowed to earn tokens that can be exchanged for special privileges or desired items
Biofeedback
Mind-body technique that involves using visual or auditory feedback to gain control over involuntary bodily functions
Cognitive behavioral therapist
Human emotions and behavior are predominantly generated by ideas, beliefs, attitudes and thinking
Rational emotive behavior therapy
Psychological problems arise when thoughts are irrational and lead to behavioral consequences that are distressful
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy
Based on the idea that how we think, how we feel and how we act all interact together
Psychoanalysis
Primary focus of psychodynamic therapy is to uncover unconscious contents of a client psyche in order to alleviate psychic tension
Free association
Client spontaneously reports thoughts, feelings, and mental images that come to mind
Mental blocks resistance
Patient’s conscience or unconscience attempt to block disturbing memories, motives and experiences
Transference
A patient projects or transfers on result conflicts in feelings onto the therapist
Unconditional positive regard
Allow client to steer the direction of the therapy, clients have value
Active listening
Therapist listens to client, paraphrasing what the client says, prevents advice or judgments
Anti-depressant drugs
Elevate mood by affecting neurotransmitters such as serotonin that are linked to depression
SSRI
Blocks the reuptake of serotonin
Electric convulsive therapy
Biological treatment in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current pass through electrodes attached to the patient’s forehead
