science module 11 Flashcards
Define Axial skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk
Define Appendicular skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
Define Exoskeleton
A body covering, typically made of chitin that provides support and protection.
Define Symbiosisa
A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits
What three things make up the human superstructure?
The muscles, the skeleton, and the skin
What are the two main differences between smooth muscles and skeletal muscles?
The skeletal muscles are long and have an orderly, striped appearance, and smooth muscles do not connect to the bone, they form layers to make the organs work.
And under a microscope, the smooth muscles look smooth and unstriped, while skeletal muscles appear rough and striped.
Where is cardiac muscle found? Is it an involuntary muscle or a voluntary one?
In the heart, It is involuntary
What is produced in the red bone marrow?
It produces the cells in your blood
What is keratinization? What is it used for?
It is the process that hardens living cells. It is used to make the outside layer of the epidermis, as well as process that produces your hair, nails, and skin
What two principal substances make up bone? What qualities do the each provide to the bone?
Collagen, minerals, they make the bone flexible, hard and strong!
What is the difference between compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue?
Spongey bone tissue has lots of space filled out and lots of fibers, compact bone tissue is packed together tightly.
What is the difference between an invertebrate and a vertebrate? Is it possible for an organism to be neither?
Vertebrates have backbones and invertebrates have no backbone. It is possible to be neither.
Are your arms part of the appendicular skeleton or the axial skeleton? What about your neck?
The neck is part of the axial skeleton, the arms are part of the appendicular skeleton
What is the difference between an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton? What do we call organisms with exoskeletons?
The endoskeleton is the sum total of all bones in the body, the exoskeleton is a body covering.
- Order the following joints in terms of increasing range of motion, then order them in terms of increasing stability
Hinge, saddle, ball and socket. Ball and socket, saddle, hinge
What purpose do ligaments serve in the joints? What about cartilage?
They hold the bone in the joint. Cartilage keeps the bone from rubbing against another bone.
How do skeletal muscles attach to the skeleton?
The muscles end as tendons, the tendons attach to the muscle
Describe how the sternocleidomastoid and posterior triangle muscles on each side of the neck work together in order to tilt the head
When one group contracts the other relaxes
Are the muscles in your stomach smooth muscles or skeletal muscles?
smooth
When it is budding, a sunflower will actually turn throughout the day so that it follows the sun across the sky. What is the term we use to describe this?
phototropism
What are the two main functions of hair?
Insulation, and sensation
What are the two main functions of sweat?
Cooling, and feeds bacteria and fungi on the skin
Why do your skin cells constantly fall of your body?
The cells on the outer layer are dead
What do the sebaceous glands produce, and what are the substance’s two main purposes?
Oil, it softens the skin and hair, and to protect our skin from harmful bacteria from attaching to our skin.
