module 4

Question 1

a. Simple machine:

Answer 1

device that either multiplies or redirects a force

Question 2

b. Force:

Answer 2

a push or a pull exerted on an object in an effort to change that objects velocity

Question 3

c. Mechanical advantage:

Answer 3

the amount by which force or motion is magnified in a simple machine

Question 4

d. Diameter:

Answer 4

the length of a straight line that travels from one side of a circle to another and passes through the center of the circle

Question 5

e. Circumference:

Answer 5

the distance around a circle, equal to 3.1416

Question 6

2. How is applied science different from science?

Answer 6

Motive

Question 7

3. What gives rise to technology?

Answer 7

Accident, science, or applied

Question 8

4. Which of the following would be considered technology?
   a. A classification scheme for all animals?
   b. A vaccination that will keep all animals from contracting the flu
   c. A new diet for dogs that will lead to longer life
   d. An understanding of what causes urinary-tract infections in cats

Answer 8

B and D are science experiments, because the goal is to learn something. A and C are applied science experiments because the goal is to make something.

Question 9

5. Which two simple machines look identical?

Answer 9

B and C are technology

Question 10

6. List the six types of simple machines

Answer 10

The lever, the pulley, the wheel and axel, the inclined plane, the wedge and the screw.

Question 11

7. What is the mechanical advantage of a first-class lever in which the fulcrum is 10 inches from the resistance and 40 inches from the effort?

Answer 11

The inclined plane and the single wedge

Question 12

8. What does the mechanical advantage in problem #8 mean?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

9. A shovel is an example of a lever. To what class does a shovel belong?

Answer 13

The mechanical advantage means that the effort is magnified by 4

Question 14

10. A child’s see-saw is a lever. To what class does it belong?

Answer 14

Third class lever

Question 15

11. What is the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle when the wheel has a diameter of 15 inches and the axle has a diameter of 3 inches?

Answer 15

First class lever

Question 16

12. If a person turned the wheel of the wheel and axle in problem #12, what would the mechanical advantage do?

Answer 16

5

Question 17

13. If a person turned the axle in problem #12, what would the mechanical advantage do?

Answer 17

The applied force will be magnified 5 times

Question 18

14. A block and tackle is composed of six pulleys that all work together. What is the mechanical advantage of the block and tackle system?

Answer 18

The wheel will move at 5 times the speed of the axel

Question 19

15. Using the block and tack system in problem #15, how many feet of rope would have to be pulled if a person wanted to life a load 1 foot.

Answer 19

6

Question 20

16. What is the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane with a slope of 6 feet and a height of 1 feet?

Answer 20

6 feet

Question 21

17. What is the mechanical advantage of a wedge with the same dimensions as the inclined plane in problem #17?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

18. A screw with a pitch of 0.1 inches is turned with a screwdriver whose diameter is 2 inches. What is the mechanical advantage?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

19. If you are having a hard time turning a screw, should you get a longer screwdriver or a fatter one?

Answer 23

fatter