science human cells exam review

Question 1

What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

structure: in the middle of cell and largest organelle in a cell
function: controls the growth and reproduction of the cell

Question 2

what is the structure and function of the Nuclear membrane/envelope?

Answer 2

structure:
function: protects the nucleus

Question 3

what is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

Answer 3

structure: middle of the cell, DNA (chromosomes)
function: makes ribosomes/protien

Question 4

what is the structure and function of centrioles?

Answer 4

structure: long, has tubules
function: involved in cell divison

Question 5

what is the structure and function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

structure: clear, thick, gel-like fluid
function: all the materials between a cell membrane and the nucleus

Question 6

what is the structure and function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

structure: semi-permeable
function: there are several different protiens used for various functios

Question 7

what is the structure and function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

structure: thick, rigid, gives the plant cell a defined shape
function: the reason for difference between plant and animal cell functions

Question 8

what is the structure and function of vacuoles?

Answer 8

structure: vacuoles in plant cells are bigger
function: stores nutrients, maintains internal fluid pressure, stores waste products

Question 9

what is the structure and function of lysosomes?

Answer 9

structure:
function: chemicals that digest the waste and other bad organelles (acts as garbage disposal)

Question 10

what is the structure and function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

structure: floating on cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum
function: produces protien

Question 11

what is the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

structure: rough and smooth ER
function: synthesizing and transporting protiens and other carbohydrates

Question 12

what is the structure and function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

structure: has a lot of mucus
function: collecting, processing and packaging materials that need to be removed from the cell

Question 13

what is the structure and function of mitochondria?

Answer 13

structure: powerhouse cell
function: takes the nutrients, breaks down and creates energy (cellular respiration)

Question 14

what is the structure and function of chloroplast?

Answer 14

structure: contains chlorophill to give plants the green colour
function: allows plants to absorb light energy (photosynthesis)

Question 15

what is the structure and function of red blood cells?

Answer 15

structure: small, no nucleus
function: carries oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide

Question 16

what is the structure and function of white blood cells?

Answer 16

structure: larger then RBC, nucleus
function: fights off disease/infections (immune system)

Question 17

what is the structure and function of skin cells?

Answer 17

structure: largest organ in body
function: protection

Question 18

what is the structure and function of bone cells?

Answer 18

structure:
function:
osteoblasts - builds bones
osteoclasts - remove and destroys old bones
osteocytes - produces osteoblasts

Question 19

what is the structure and function of muscle cells?

Answer 19

structure: smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle
function: produces movement and improves posture

Question 20

what is the structure and function of sperm cells?

Answer 20

structure: found in mitochondria
function: reproduction and fertilizing egg cells

Question 21

what is the structure and function of fat cells?

Answer 21

structure:
function: stores nutrients, gives warmth and energy

Question 22

what is the structure and function of nerve cells?

Answer 22

structure: most produced before birth (brain spinal cord)
function: transmits signals to the brain