geo unit 3 deck cards Flashcards by marley ostroff

what is an industry?

Goods and services and the production of them for economic gain. can have multiple industries within an area

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what is a resource?

A physical material people need and has value

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what is sustainability?

The ability to meet our own needs without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs

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what are the Canadian Industrial Sectors?

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
Industries

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what are Primary Industries?

Primary Industries harvest Raw Materials to use to make goods

Examples: Fish, mining, forestry, agriculture

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what are Secondary Industries?

Secondary Industries take the raw materials and
turns them into consumer goods

examples: cars, bikes, couches, desks

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what are Tertiary Industries?

Tertiary Industries takes the finished product and sells it to you. These are service-based industries that sell or provide you with a service in exchange for money.

examples: car dealers, walmart, superstores

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what is the basic industry?

jobs that bring money into the
community

examples: miner, factory Worker, Hi-Tech Worker

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what is the non-basic industry?

sells services to the community, but does not create wealth, thus money is only recycled

examples: hairdresser, teacher, bank teller, dentist

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what is tourism?

Tourism is a unique service sector because it acts like an exported product by selling your country for profit.

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what are Quaternary Industry?

The “High-tech” sector of the Canadian economy

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what are the different forms of energy?

Solar, Wind, Fossil Fuels, Hydroelectricity, Nuclear

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what are the advantages and disadvantages of coal?

advantages:
- important economically
- inexpensive to extract

disadvantages:
- it’s non-renewable
- bad for the environment

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what is coal and how is the energy produced?

Remains of trees/plants that don’t decay and over time, create coal. To produce energy the Coal is burned.

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what is oil & natural gas and how is the energy produced?

Remains of plants/animals that eventually went through heat/pressure. To produce energy, its burned, which powers a turbine.

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what are the advantages and disadvantages of oil & natural gas?

advantages:
- abundant supply (we have a lot of it)

Disadvantages:
- non-renewable
- expensive to extract/time-consuming
- many negative environmental impacts

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what is hydroelectricity and how is the energy produced?

running water turns the turbines that generate electricity

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what are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectricity?

advantages:
- no air pollution
- renewable resource
- cheap to operate
- doesn’t require fossil fuels
- provides a lot of electricity

disadvantages:
- hydroelectric plants are expensive to build
- built far from communities, which means transmission lines are needed
- floods that can be harmful to the ecosystem

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what is Nuclear Electricity and how is the energy produced?

Breakdown of radioactive uranium is used to produce heat, which turns the
turbines to generate electricity

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what are the advantages and disadvantages of Nuclear Electricity?

advantages:
- an abundant supply of uranium
- transmission costs are low because the power plant can be built anywhere
- plants are cheap to operate
- no air pollution or carbon dioxide emitted

disadvantages
- to construct a power plant is very expensive
- radioactive material is very hazardous to humans
- waste products remain dangerous for a very long time

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what is Thermoelectricity and how is the energy produced?

Oil, coal, and natural gas are burned to produce heat that boils water to produce steam. To produce energy, steam turns the turbines.

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what are the advantages and disadvantages of Thermoelectricity?

advantages:
- plants are less expensive to build
- plants can be built anywhere

disadvantages
- cost of fuel is expensive, making it a costly form of electricity
- burning fuels creates massive amounts of air pollution

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why does water go into our environment?

water goes into our environment because of
precipitation (water from the atmosphere that falls to earth including rain, snow, hail, and sleet)

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why does water go out of our environment?

demands by the natural environment and
demand by humans

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what is groundwater?

water held underground in tiny spaces in the soil or some types of rock

what is trade?

When Canada sells its resources, products and services to people in another country (such as the United States), and the other country does the same in Canada. Trade normally involves tariffs.

what is a tariff?

a tax that is added to the cost of any foreign items or services bought in a country.

what is an import?

something that is brought into one country from another.

what is an export?

something that is sent from one country to another. An export exits its country of origin to be sold in a different country.

what is free trade?

occurs when countries that trade items and services significantly decrease or completely remove the tariff placed on the items and services sold between the countries.

Why must Canada export?

1: To pay for the things that we import (necessities and luxuries from other countries) 2: To keep our economy healthy 3: To lower the prices of goods and services entering Canada

what is a balance of trade?

When the dollar value of exports is higher than imports. When you import more than you export, you have a trade deficit.

What are the main methods of transportation?

rail, road, ship, plane, and pipeline.

What is a renewable resource?

replenishes itself at the rate it is used examples: timber, wind, and solar

What is a nonrenewable resource?

has a limited supply examples: coal and natural gas

what are the 7 factors of manufacturing?

1: location of costumers 2: availability of fresh water and/or power 3: labour supply 4: transportation 5: political factors 6: circumstance 7: proximity of raw materials

Why is the Quaternary Industry more accessible than other industries?

Because the industry involves technology which many people have access to. There has also been a growth in the use of technology because of that reason.

What are the large quaternary industries of Canada?

1: Information Technology (IT) 2: Aerospace Technology 3: Biotechnology 4: Ocean Research Technology

what is aquaculture?

fish farming

what is a continental shelf?

part of the ocean that is next to continents and is less than 200m deep

what are banks?

shallow parts of the continental shelf that is good for fishing

what is commercial fishing?

catching fish and is part of the large-scale industries

what is inshore and offshore fishery?

inshore: commercial fishing carried out close to shore offshore: commercial fishing carried out farther from shore in larger company-owned boats

what is the hydro cycle?

circulation of water in the earth's atmosphere system and biogeochemical cycle

what is the difference between surface and groundwater?

surface: freshwater channeled into stream systems lakes and wetlands groundwater: rock layers underwater

where is the most freshwater located?

68 percent in icecaps and glaciers and 30 percent found in groundwater

what are the 2 major factors that influence farming?

temperature and moisture

what does GDD stand for and what does it measure?

GDD: growing degree days Measures how warm the growing season is in a given location, the higher the GDD is the warmer the climate is and the wider the range of crops you can grow

what is greenbelt?

land for agriculture

what is factory farming?

uses computers to maximize food production, the food assembly line

what is organic farming?

growing foods in a traditional way, using less chemicals and pesticides, higher prices

what is intensive farming?

smaller lands, located near frozen areas

what is extensive farming?

a large amount of land and cheap products

what does JIT stand for?

JIT: just in time delivery

why is it beneficial to have factories close to raw materials?

1: if the raw materials are much heavier and bulkier 2: if the company processes fruits, vegetables, perishable products, or other raw materials that are harder to transport long distances without damaging them

what do factories use water for?

water is used for cooling and cleaning

what is globalization?

globalization means companies locate their factories anywhere in the world where they get the best economic advantage

what is the multiplier effect?

the increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into an economy

what is tourism?

Tourism is a unique service sector because it acts like an exported product by selling your country for profit.

What are the large quaternary industries of Canada?

1: Information Technology (IT) 2: Aerospace Technology 3: Biotechnology 4: Jobs in the Information Age

Why is the Quaternary Industry more accessible than other industries?

Because the industry involves technology which many people (especially in North America) have access to