History unit 1 test Flashcards
1
Q
what are the indirect causes of ww1?
A
- Militarism: getting body guards/competing for most weapons creating tension
- Alliances: alliances being formed
- Imperialism: wanting the most land
- Nationalism: ‘‘Im better then you” stage
2
Q
what is the direct cause of ww1?
A
Assassination: the chief (Arch duke) of Austria-Hungery empire was killed by a surbian terrorist. This caused Austrio-Hungery to create war with Serbia.
3
Q
Which countries made the 2 Alliances?
A
Triple alliance:
- Germany
- Austrio-Hungery
- Italy
Triple entente:
- Britain
- France
- Russia
extra: Belgium, Serbia, Bosnia
4
Q
why were trenches build?
A
- to get away from machine guns
- to protect the soldiers from the gas
- gave soldiers more time to put on their gas masks
5
Q
What is was like living in trenches?
A
- always cold
- muddy
- wet
- lack of sleeping
- trench foot (always wet —> started to rot)
6
Q
Canadian battles in order?
A
- Ypres (1915)
- Battle of Somme (1916) ‘‘bloodiest battle’’
- Vimy Ridge (1917)
- Battle of Passchendaele (1917)
- Canada’s 100 days (1918)
7
Q
which battle did canada have a significant role in?
A
Vimy ridge
8
Q
What happend in the battle of Ypres (1915)?
A
- location: belgium
- first battle for canadians
- Germans: Higher ground
- first time in history poisined gas was used
- no warning
- clorine gas
- soldiers peed on hankerchiefs and wrapped them around their mouths for protection
- aamonia (pee) neutrolizes gas
- no land gained or lost
9
Q
What happened in the battle of Somme (1916)?
A
- first time tanks were used in war
- artillery barrage (canon)
- 1.5 mill bombs were thrown at german lines
- Douglais Haig (Britain commander)
- war got nicknamed “the blood bath’’
- '’going over the top’’
- 12 km of land gained for allies
10
Q
what happend in the battle of Vimy ridge (1917)?
A
- location: outside of belgium/close to france
- Britain + France vs. Germany
- Canadian general Arthor Currie: ‘‘Creeping Barrage”
- April 9: Canadians attack
- Germany retreats after 2 days
- '’Canada becomes a country’’
11
Q
what happend in the battle of Passchendaele (1917)?
A
- soldiers and horses got sucked in swamps
- Germans: higher ground
- Canadians attack
- Douglais Haig (Britain commander) orders attack/going over the top
- Robert Borden (Canadian prime minister) threatens to pull Canada out of war if happens again
- war got nicknamed ‘‘the great war’’
- 9 Canadians: Victoria cross
- Britain gained 6 km of land
12
Q
who was involved in the first flight?
A
The wright brothers in 1903. Flight was 12 seconds long.
13
Q
What are observation planes?
A
- for information about the enemy
- enemy mobilization
- 50-75 mph
- easy target (flew straight and low)
14
Q
what are dog flights?
A
planes that were able to fly 200 mph by 1918 (dangerous/new technology)
15
Q
what is an ace?
A
people who shot down 5 or more planes
16
Q
who are the famous aces?
A
- The red barron (germany)
- Rene Fonck (France)
- Billy Bishop (Canada)
- Raymond Collishaw (Canada)
- Roy Brown (Canada) shot down red barron
17
Q
Why is the atlantic important in the halifax explosion?
A
- highway for supplies for war
- germany: U-boats (underseebooten)
18
Q
what happend with the IMO in the halifax explosion?
A
- halifax = largest ports in ww1
- IMO (boat) enters halifax harbour Dec 3
- shipment is late Dec 5
- Anti submerine nets (up during night only)
- IMO (boat) rushes to leave Dec 6
- speeding on wrong side of harbour
19
Q
what happend to the Mont Blanc in the halifax explosion?
A
- enters harbour Dec 6
- signals horns
- IMO and Mont Blanc crash into eachother
- cargo on ship
- Benzol barrels fall and break open
- liquid seeps into engine room
- crew abandons ship when it catches fire
- people gather on shore to watch
20
Q
what were the effects of the explosion?
A
- boat thrown 300 meters in air
- sea floor was exposed
- people felt the explosion 200 km away
- windows shatter
- iron rain (shrapnel)
- 400 acres of land was destroyed
21
Q
Who is vincent coleman and why was he considered a hero in the halifax explosion?
A
He was a train dispatcher and saved 700 people by sending a message to an incoming passanger train to stop outside the range of the explosion:
22
Q
what is propoganda?
A
opiniated/biased information
23
Q
what is the big 3?
A
- Borden: wants to keep canada in ww1, wiling to hurt the national unity.
- Laurier: in the middle, worried about the national unity.
- Bourrassa: politically —> supports europe
24
Q
what is conscription?
A
forcefully enlisting young men into war because of lack of volenteers (mandatory)
- between 20 and 45 years old
25
what is suffrage?
the right to vote
26
what are pasifists?
people opposed to violence on moral grounds
- treated poorly
27
what happend in the election?
- Laurier lost
- Borden wins
- protests/riots
- national unity = hurt
- canadiens sent off to fight
28
what laws does borden come up with to try and win the election?
- Military voters act: soldiers can vote
- Wartime elections act: Females with a male relative at war can vote
- Females serving in the army can vote
- "enemy aliens" are not allowed to vote
- Pasifists are not allowed to vote
29
who is Sam Hughes and why is he relevant?
- Minister of militia
- created the Shell committee
- profiteering
- Ross rifle (Canadian Gun)
- Lee enfield (British Gun)
- he insisted that Canadian soldiers carry the ross rifle because its a Canadian gun
- soldiers wanted the Lee enfield gun (better gun)
30
who are the leaders the meet for the treaty of versailles?
- leaders meet in paris
1. France: George Clemenceau
---> Belives germany deserves punishment
2. Britain: David Lloyd George
---> Belives germany deserves punishment but fairly/wants germany as an ally
3. USA: Woodrow wilson
---> Wants peace/reconsile over revenge
31
what is the treaty of versailles?
- Discussion: avoid future wars
- Germany loses a lot of land
- Britain, France, Australia re-draw map of Europe
32
what are the 4 conditions of the treaty?
Germany must:
1) reduce military + no air/navy
2) give land away
3) pay for the war
4) take blame for the war
Terms: Germany is angry
33
how did women contribute to the war and soldiers?
- Got jobs as nurses
- Nicknamed "blue birds"
- writting letters home to family members
34
How did French Canadians have a role in the war?
- Farming: good economy
- treated poorly from England
- Language issues
- No loyalty to britain or france
35
what is imperialism?
When anither country takes political and or an economical charge/control of another country
36
What happend during war at sea?
- Germany created "underseabooten"
- 1915: Lusitania sunk
- Civilians: "turnip winter"
37
what happend during the battle of Jutland?
- First major sea battle in ww1
- Germany: no resources left
- Britain: Victory
38
what is Canada's 100 days?
- happend in belgium/france
- Aug - Nov 1918
- a final push by the allies to win the war and get germany out of belgium/france
- they engaged in battles for 100 days
- Canada + britrian vs germany
- Leader: Arthor currie
- allies won war
- ended ww1
- added to canadas reputation
39
what was the outcome of ww1?
- economy: billions of $ wasted
- socially: families were torn apart
- internationally: new map of europe
- Canada's unity left hurt
40
what were some positive outcomes of ww1?
- womens rights
- new technology
- Canadian identity
41
How were enemy aliens treated during the war?
people from countries that were enemys of the country they are from
ex: German living in Britain
42
what was the solution that was made for the shell committee?
the brittish set up factories to make more shelves and they also asked private companies to help produce them
43
Why did america join the war?
1. Germany was sinking ships that were owned by Americans, which angered the U.S.
ex: Lusitania, a British ship with American passengers, in 1915.
2. The Zimmermann Telegram: In 1917, Germany sent a secret message to Mexico, offering to help them take back land from the U.S. if Mexico joined the war on Germany’s side. The British intercepted it, and when the U.S. found out, it made them more determined to join the Allies.
44
what is the shell comitttee?
A group formed by the brittish government in 1915 to solve the problem that there werent enough artillery shelfs for the soldiers at the front
45
what is the creeping barrage?
- a surprise attack planned by Canadians in vimy ridge
- April 1917
