Science GA 2.2

Question 1

-Carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and instructions for the functioning cell
-Store the genetic information
-Transmit genetic information
-Process genetic information
-Synthesize protein

Answer 1

Nucleic Acids

Question 2

-Is found inside the cell
-Has two strands that resemble a twisted ladder
-Codes for the genes

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 3

-Two strands of the helix run in opposite directions-antiparallel
-The orientation is important to DNA replication

Answer 3

Double Helix Model

Question 4

-Are part of the family of nitrogenous bases that have a six-membered nitrogen-containing ring and a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring fused together

Answer 4

Purines and Pyrimidines

Question 5

-Nitrogenous bases with two rings

Answer 5

Purines

Question 6

-Nitrogenous bases with one ring

Answer 6

Pyrimidines

Question 7

-Consists of two complementary DNA nucleotide bases that pair together to form a “rung of the DNA ladder”

Answer 7

The Base Pairing Rule

Question 8

-Separates double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied

Answer 8

Helicase

Question 9

-Synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers

Answer 9

Primase

Question 10

-Responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules

Answer 10

DNA Polymerase

Question 11

-Acts as proofreaders removing problems with DNA replication fork progression, and they can be directly involved in repairing damaged DNA

Answer 11

Exonuclease

Question 12

-Is like glue
-It brings all the molecules of the newly formed DNA or strands together and permanently binds them so that they do not just fall apart

Answer 12

DNA Ligase

Question 13

-Found in variety of foods
-Fights infections
-Helps cells divide

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

-Is present in all living cells
-Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses, …. rather than DNA, carries the genetic information

Answer 14

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 15

-The process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to an RNA molecule

Answer 15

Transcription

Question 16

-Is a process by which the genetic code contained within an mRNA molecule is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids

Answer 16

Translation

Question 17

DNA Replication

Answer 17

-DNA to DNA

Question 18

Transcription

Answer 18

-DNA to RNA

Question 19

Translation

Answer 19

-RNA to Proteins

Question 20

-AUG – Met – Methionine
-It is the start of the fragment

Answer 20

Start Codon

Question 21

-It stops the fragment

Answer 21

Stop Codon

Question 22

-Made of both RNA and protein
-It is where protein is created in a cell
-It reads the mRNA and translates it into a string of amino acids and is folded to form protein

Answer 22

Ribosome

Question 23

-Molecules used by living things to create proteins

Answer 23

Amino Acid

Question 24

-A small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis

Answer 24

Transfer RNA

Question 25

-A molecule that contains the instructions that directs the cells to make protein

Answer 25

Messenger RNA

Question 26

-Are short sequences of DNA nucleotides (approximately 150 to 200 base pairs long in eukaryotes) which are synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the lagging strand during DNA replication

Answer 26

Okazaki Fragment

Question 27

-Synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand
-5’ -> 3’

Answer 27

Leading Strand

Question 28

-Synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5’ end
-5’ -> 3’ but is made in small segments

Answer 28

Lagging Strand

Question 29

-A DNA made up of a 5-carbon sugar

Answer 29

Deoxyribose

Question 30

-A string of amino acids connected together

Answer 30

Polypeptide Chain