Music GA 2.2 Flashcards
-Is an ancient carnival tradition found in Pernambuco in the Northeastern Brazil
-It has rooted from the music and tradition of African slaves who worked in sugar farms and Pernambuco states
-It was formed by the African slaves’ religious brotherhood to preserve their culture and tradition
-Performs by parading with 80 to 100 drum ensemble, singer, chorus, with a coterie of dancers
Maracatu
-Is a style of music in the late 19th century, originated from African-Americans in the Southern United States that often expresses a wide range of emotions
-The word often mirrors the deep emotion of black Americans from injustices or a feeling of sadness, longing, and lost
Blues
-Is a popular music genre in the late 1950s and early 1960s originated in the United States
-It incorporates the elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and jazz and characterized by a strong beat and emphasis on singing
-Other characteristics include the call-and-response, the use of improvisation, twirls, and auxiliary sounds
Soul Music
-Is a religious folk song that existed outside an established church
-Also known as Negro spirituals, these are Christian songs created by the African people to express their Christian faith through spiritual songs
Spiritual Music
-Is a style of music composition wherein a vocalist or instrumentalist sings or plays a phrase and another vocalist or instrumentalist echoes with another phrase
-It is a musical style where the leader sings a line and answered by a chorus
-The soloist usually improvises while the chorus stays the same
Call-and-Response
-Are musical instruments that produce sounds by striking, shaking, or scraping
Idiophones
-Is a single-headed open goblet drum played with bare hands. It has a unique and distinctive design carved and hollowed out of a tree trunk and covered with a goat skin
Djembe (Zhem-bay)
-Is a beaded handmade rattle
-It consists of a hollow gourd or calabash, covered with a net of seeds, beads, shells, or any available materials from west Africa
-It is played in a variety of styles and comes in many shapes and sizes
Shekere
-Is a very large beaded calabash traditionally owned and played by professional musicians in Nigeria
-It is an instrument that can never be shared even with the family members but can be inherited by a son from his father if he is a professional musician
Agbe
-Are musical instruments which have vibrating animal membranes
Membranophones
-Is one of the most respected drum in Southern Nigeria similar to Kalangu drum of Northern Nigeria
-It is played with a beater and can imitate a speech pattern or use as signals for warnings and announcements
-The talking drum leads most of the musical instruments and its sound gives the dancers the direction on what to do at a given time
Talking Drum
-Are musical instruments that produce sounds from the vibration of strings
Chordophones
-Is one of the most famous stringed- instrument similar to a guitar
-It is a long-necked harp with 21 strings placed on a gourd covered with skin of an animal
-This is used to accompany worship songs
Kora
-Is the oldest and widely used string instrument in Africa
-It consists of a flexible wooden sticks with strings attached on both ends similar to a bow and arrow
-It can be played by plucking or by striking using a wooden stick
Musical Bow
-Are musical instruments that produce sounds by a vibrating air
Aerophones
-Comes from the horn of kudu antelope hollowed out as a wind instrument used for signals
-This instrument comes in a set of six horns which mirrors the propagation of Africa’s musical tradition
-The Kudu horn releases a mellow and warm sound that has the ability to add a unique accent to the African music
Kudu Horn (Koodoo)
-In Africa are widely spread and are made from variety of materials such as wood, metal, horns, tusks, and gourds
-They are ceremonial in nature and used in different functions such as for giving signals and announcements
-Some African tribes believed that the this has the power to cast away evil spirits, cure diseases, and to give the warriors and hunters protection from harm
Trumpets
-Any of a class of a musical instruments played by the thumbs, whose sound is generated by plucking flexible tuned tonques of metal, wood, cane or any material attached in a board resonator
Lamellaphone
-Thumb piano, or finger xylophone is Zimbabwe’s most important instrument played in religious and social celebrations
-It is a lamellaphone percussion instrument consisting of series tuned metal or bamboo tongues attached on a sound board or box resonator
-It is called a thumb piano because the thumbs play the wooden or metal tongues
Mbira
