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Year 8 > Science Doctors test > Flashcards

Science Doctors test Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A pathogen is a living thing that can cause a disease. For example, many soar throats are caused by a bacterial pathogen. Diseases can spread when the pathogens are transmitted from person to person.

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2
Q

What other ways can diseases spread?

A

Food

Physical contact

Liquid

Animals

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3
Q

How does your body protect yourself from the hostile World?

A

Nose - contains tiny hairs and mucus to block/trap pathogens.

Immune system - remembers certain bacteria’s so next time it remembers it and reacts way quicker before it spreads.

White blood cells - patrol the body

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4
Q

Pathogen

A

A micro - organism that causes diseases

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5
Q

Antigen

A

Something on the surface of a pathogen that makes our immune system respond.

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6
Q

Anti - body

A

When the body is capable of destroying a pathogen before you catch any symptoms.

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7
Q

Phagocytosis

A

When a white blood cell engulfs and digests a pathogen.

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8
Q

Anti - toxin

A

Neutralises the “poisons” that pathogens produce.

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9
Q

Immune

A

Protein produced by a white blood cell that can attach to specific antigens. They will only work for one type of antigen.

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10
Q

Pregnancy

Day 1 - 7

A

Menstruation

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11
Q

Pregnancy

Day 7 - 10

A

Uterus lining thickens

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12
Q

Pregnancy

Day 14

A

Ovulation and secretions

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13
Q

Pregnancy

Day 14 - 28

A

Uterus lining continuous to thicken.

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14
Q

On what day is pregnancy most likely to occur?

A

Day 19

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15
Q

What is the name of the male sex cell?

A

Sperm cells

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16
Q

What is the name of the women sex cells?

A

Ovum

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17
Q

Girls going through puberty don’t smell as bad as boys.

A

True

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18
Q

Girls hips get wider.

A

True

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19
Q

The voice gets deeper for both boys and girls.

A

True

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20
Q

Girls start growing hair on their knees.

A

True

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21
Q

Both boys and girls have growth spurts.

A

True

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22
Q

Changes in girls puberty are caused by a hormone called testosterone?

A

False, it is called oestrogen

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23
Q

Boys voices drop.

A

True

24
Q

Boys start growing hair on their chins and chest

A

True

25
Q

Changes in boys during puberty are caused by a hormone called oestrogen?

A

False, it is called testosterone.

26
Q

Eating lots of fish can cause puberty to start earlier?

A

False

27
Q

Girls will develop breasts

A

True

28
Q

Boys penis will get larger?

A

True

29
Q

Contain egg cells. One egg is released each month.

A

Ovary

30
Q

Receives sperm during sexual intercourse

A

Vagina

31
Q

Carry eggs to the uterus

A

Oviduct

32
Q

Where the baby develops until it is born

A

Uterus

33
Q

Tube that carries semen out of a mans body

A

Urethra

34
Q

Ring of muscle at the entrance of the uterus. Keeps the baby in place during pregnancy.

A

Cervix

35
Q

Tube that carries semen to the penis.

A

Sperm duct

36
Q

Erect to transfer sperm to the vagina

A

Penis

37
Q

Produce sperm cells and male sex hormones

A

Testes

38
Q

Tube that carry urine out of the body

A

Urethra

39
Q

Contain testes an keep the temperature slightly below body temperature

A

Scrotum

40
Q

What connects the foetus to the placenta

A

Umbilical cord

41
Q

What is the scientific word for the womb

A

Uterus

42
Q

Before a baby is born, it goes through two other stages. One is a embryo and the other is called…

A

Foetus

43
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

A fluid that supports the baby as they grow in the womb.

44
Q

Cervix

A

A ring of muscle that keeps the baby in place while a women is pregnant

45
Q

Placenta

A

Provides oxygen and nutrients to the baby and removes waste products from the baby’s blood.

46
Q

What is the normal length of pregnancy in humans?

A

40 weeks

47
Q

When the egg is fertilised by a sperm cell they form an embryo. Where does the embryo stop moving and embed itself.

A

The embryo moves itself from the oviduct to the uterus.

48
Q

How does the baby get oxygen from its mother while it is inside it’s mother uterus?

A

Placenta

49
Q

The mother is joined to the ………. by an organ called the ………. . This is attached to the wall of the ………. and connects to the foetus by the ………. cord.

A

Foetus
Placenta
Uterus
Umbilical

50
Q

As a foetus grows it receives food and ………. and has its ………. taken away through the umbilical cord and placenta. The foetus is protected in the womb by the ………. ………. , which absorbs bumps and gives the foetus room to move.

A

Oxygen
waste
Amniotic fluid/sac
move

51
Q

Contraceptives

A

Prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Prevent pregnancy

52
Q

What are 3 basic ways contraceptives work

A

Use of condoms, block the sperm and stop contact

Injections, disable the sperm before they reach the uterus

Anti - pregnant pills, supress ovulation

53
Q

Which is the most effective method of contraception

A

Condoms

54
Q

Which is the least most effective contraceptives

A

Using your phone to track a women’s period monthly

55
Q

If sexually transmitted diseases are spread through contact with bacteria , viruses and fungi (usually through bodily fluid or direct skin to skin contact) what is the only one of these categories of contraceptives that will prevent STDs? Why/

A

Condoms because they prevent sperm traveling from the penis and entering the vagina. They will prevent pathogens contained in bodily fluids.

56
Q

Explain why a child can look like both parents but is not identical to either of the parents?

A

Half the DNA comes from the sperm cell and half from the egg cell. The sperm and egg cell contain half of the parents DNA.

Year 8 (26 decks)

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