Science

Question 0

Define allele

Answer 0

The different forms of the one gene. Brown eyes and blue eyes are alleles of eye colour

Question 1

Define gene

Answer 1

The instructions for a particular trait

Question 2

Define Hederity

Answer 2

When a gene is passed from one generation to another. It is random in what traits you will inherit as it is all up to chance

Question 3

Dominant trait

Answer 3

A trait that will always show even though another allele is present. An example is Bb, the capital letter shows the dominant trait

Question 4

Recessive traits

Answer 4

A trait that will not show if a dominant trait is present. It will only appear if the present alleles are identical such as bb, the lower case letter represents the recessive trait

Question 5

Homozygous

Answer 5

You have identical alleles (pure breeding) example bb or BB

Question 6

Hetrozygous

Answer 6

You have dissimilar alleles (hybrid) such as Bb

Question 7

Define genotype

Answer 7

A scientific notation of the alleles you have. E.g. bb

Question 8

Define phenotype

Answer 8

The appearance of the alleles you have. e.g. Blue eyes

Question 9

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA and which pair together

Answer 9

AT - Adenine and Thymine
GC - Guanine and Cytosine

At The Gold Coast

Question 10

What is the back bone of DNA made up of?

Answer 10

sugar and phosphate also known as nucleotides

Question 11

What is meiosis

Answer 11

The process of cell division that produces the gametes, eggs and sperm. In theis process the cells goes through 2 successive divisions.

Question 12

Define Mitosis

Answer 12

When you regrow dead or damaged cells identical to the parent cells called daughter cells

Question 13

What is the haploid number in a chromosome?

Answer 13

It is half of the diploid number and refers to the number of chromosomes in gametes (23)

Question 14

What is the diploid number

Answer 14

the number of chromosomes in our body cells (46)

Question 15

What is co-dominance

Answer 15

An organism that has both phenotypes of an allele present at the same time creating a patchy look like a tabby cat. An example is AB blood type.

Question 16

What is Incomplete dominance?

Answer 16

When phenotypes of 2 alleles blend, much like mixing paint

Question 17

What is a Penney square?

Answer 17

A square spilt up into quarters used to derive all possible alleles for someone by combining the parents genotypes

Question 18

What is autosomal inherited

Answer 18

The form of inheritance that does not depend on gender so it is likely to see a mix of genders

Question 19

What is sex-linked inheritance?

Answer 19

Is dependent on gender as the disorder is only found on the X chromosome meaning more boys are likely to get it than girls.

Question 20

What is the role of the X and Y chromosomes in sex determination?

Answer 20

The gender of the child is dependent on the male. The mother give a single X chromosome and if the father gives a Y it is a boy but if he gives an X it is a girl. Depending on who gives which X depends on the passing down of X linked traits

Question 21

What is a pedigree?

Answer 21

Like a family tree they show the inheritance of characteristics over a number of generations, these affected will be coloured in.

Question 22

Define mutation

Answer 22

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a varying form that may be passed from generation to generation. Mutation could include deletion, insertion or rearrangement of the chromosomes.

Question 23

What are some genetic disorders(4)

Answer 23

Haemophilia - lack of blood clots
Cystic Fibrosis - affects lungs, pancreas and liver
Colour blindness - unable to distinguish colours
Down syndrome - presence of a third copy of chromosome pair 21

Question 24

What are karyotpes?

Answer 24

A picture of our chromosomes created by staining cells and mounting them on slides. They are matched in size order

Question 25

When does motion occur?

Answer 25

When an object changes it’s position relative to another object or within a frame of reference

Question 26

Define distance

Answer 26

How far an object would have to travel to move from one point to another

Question 27

Define displacement

Answer 27

Between any two points is the straight line distance in a given direction

Question 28

Define speed

Answer 28

Speed is the rate at which an object moves over a distance and so tells you how fast the distance was covered

Question 29

Define velocity

Answer 29

the rate of speed at which something is moving and in which direction. The rate of change of displacement

Question 30

Define acceleration

Answer 30

Is the measure of the rate at which something changes speed

Question 31

Newton’s third law

Answer 31

at any time we notice force acting, we should be able to to identify the pair of forces involved and what they’re acting on.

Question 32

Define weight

Answer 32

the force of gravity acting on an object and so how many Newtons it takes to hold it up

Question 33

Define mass

Answer 33

is the amount of matter in an object that doesn’t change no matter what the gravity

Question 34

Define net force

Answer 34

Total of all the forces acting on the objects

Question 35

What is Newtons 2nd law?

Answer 35

If the net force is 0, an object will continue with a constant velocity