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EXAM > Humanities 2 > Flashcards

Humanities 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What time did the Industrial revolution happen

A

1720 till around 1840

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1
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

A big fast change in how we make things

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2
Q

What area of society was changed first

A

The Community farms were changed into enclosures

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3
Q

Enclosure

A

When farms were made private and fenced off with hedges or small stone walls

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4
Q

Enclosure advantages

A

It allowed people to grow more and have more time to invent machines that can help them.

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5
Q

Enclosure Disadvantages

A

Most of the poor who depended on the community land of the farms lost there living and had to rely completely on there wages they got. Some moved away from the villagers for work on the cities

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6
Q

Charles Townshend 4 field rotation

A

Divided into 4 fields, wheat - turnips - barley - clover, rotated 1 field each year over 4 year cycle. By planting clover and turnips after wheat and barley it replenished the soil of it’s nutrients

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7
Q

Jethro Tulls seed drill

A

In 1700 horse drawn seed drill that planted 3 rows at a time. It made holes, planted the seed and then covered the whole up. Prevented loss of scattered seeds because no birds could eat it and cannot blow away

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8
Q

Spread of Industrialisation

A

Other than Britain countries affected by industrialisation were the United States, Germany and France

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9
Q

Alessandro Volta

A

An Italian Physicist who invented the alkaline battery

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10
Q

Alexander Bell

A

An American innovator who invented the first working telephone

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11
Q

Thomas Edision

A

An American inventor and businessman who invented the phonograph, able to record and play back, and the light bulb

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12
Q

Guglielmo Marconi

A

An Italian inventor who was able to establish radio communication

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13
Q

James Watt

A

A Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who made improvements to the Newcomen steam engine by allowing the steam to be cooled and reused

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14
Q

Robert Fulton

A

An American engineer who created the commercial steamboat

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15
Q

George Stephenson

A

An English civil engineer who made the first public, intercity rail line

16
Q

Henry Ford

A

An American Engineer who produced the Quadracycle, Model T and Ford Motor Company

17
Q

Wilbur and Orville Wright

A

2 American brothers who invented the dirigible

18
Q

Rudolf Diesel

A

A German engineer who created the Diesel Engine used in large trucks and submarines

19
Q

Population explosion factors

A

After 1700 population rose because of eradication of the Plague, improved medical science, supplies of good quality food and the fact the children can also work in factories and mines bringing in a larger income

20
Q

Significance of 1851 Great Exibition

A

To celebrate the technology and industrial design from all over the world but also to demonstrating British industrial power

21
Q

What was child labor

A

Child labour was when children worked the same hours and roughly the same jobs as adults

22
Q

Why was child labour used

A

To allow family’s to bring in more money and factory owner to make more products

23
Q

Working conditions then

A

Not only were the workers cramped, always in danger and poisoning their bodies they also had to make sure that they conformed to the rules and kept going even if they were tied otherwise they would be beaten by the supervisors

24
Q

working conditions today

A

We have OHS policies, protective clothing including ventilation, medical approval and limited hours

25
Q

Living conditions then

A

Houses were built back to back(no gardens), no plumbing, narrow streets, public cesspools, rubbish littering the streets

26
Q

Living conditions today

A

We can design and build our own houses and cannot live in industrial suburbs

27
Q

Robert Owen

A

A factory owner who stopped employing young children and created a school for them and older children limiting there working hours. Also built clean and comfortable houses for his workers

28
Q

Lord Ashley

A

He encouraged the passing of laws to improve working conditions, introduced factory acts, supported mine acts of 1842 and set up first free school

29
Q

Edwin Chadwick

A

He companied for poor law commissions, the poor law amendment of 1834 and clean water and sanitation

30
Q

Union movement

A

It was around the 1820’s when unions started to form

31
Q

What are unions

A

Unions are associations of people who work in similar trades made to campaign for improved working conditions and better wages

32
Q

Combination act

A

In 1799 and 1800 the combination acts were passed banning workers from forming unions but were revoked then replaced with the combination acts of 1825 not allowing workers to strike but were allowed to bargain over conditions and pay.

33
Q

Shipping changes

A

Led to Britain having a larger trading empire and a spread of industrialisation to other countries

EXAM (33 decks)

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