School Aged Children Flashcards
school aged children years
6 to 12 years
school aged begins with..
losing the first tooth
school aged ends with…
puberty with final permanent tooth
permanent teeth erupt by
6 years
height and weight changes
height increases by 2 inches (5cm) per year
weight increases by 4.4-6.6 (2-3kg) lbs per year
anatomical changes of school aged children
immune system improves
bones ossify
bladder capacity increases
heart is smaller than rest of body
prepubescence
primary and secondary sex characteristics start to develop
occurs 2 years before puberty
in general= 8-12 yrs
girls 2 yrs earlier than boys (girls=8-10, boys=10-12)
puberty
full maturation of primary sex characteristics (now capable of sexual reproduction)
for boys= sperm production, 12-14 yrs
for girls= first menstrual cycle, 10-12 yrs
primary sex characteristics
necessary for reproduction
secondary sex characteristics
deciphers females from males but not needed for reproduction
girl primary sex characteristics
vagina
ovaries fully developed (menstruation starts, puberty achieved)
girl secondary sex characteristics
- breast buds develop (prepubescence starts here, 8-10)
- pubic hair
- axillary hair
- breasts fully developed (menstruation starts, puberty achieved)
for girls, puberty is achieved when
breasts and ovaries are fully developed
and menstruation starts
boy primary sex characteristics
testes (prepubescence starts when begin to enlarge, 10-12yrs)
sperm produced
scrotum
boy secondary sex characteristics
pubic hair
axillary hair
facial hair
voice deepens (nearing puberty)
for boys, puberty is achieved when
sperm is produced
and testes and scrotum are fully developed
school aged psychosocial stage
industry vs inferiority
stage of accomplishment
peer approval is a strong motivator
cognitive development
concrete operations
masters conservation
ego mastery (between id and superego)
conceptual thinking (able to make judgements based on reason)
like rules and restrictions
relationships for school aged children
- parents are primary influence
- school is second most influential factor
play of school aged children
team play/sports!!
see the need for rules
form groups/cliques
quiet games and activities
self concept
a conscious awareness of a variety of self perceptions (abilities, values, appearances)
body image
what children think about their bodies (increased awareness of differences may influence inferiority)
need to be in booster seat until
4 feet 9 inches tall
4-6 yrs vaccines
5th dose of DTaP
4th dose of polio (IPV)
2nd dose of MMR
2nd dose of varicella
11-12 yrs vaccines
1st dose of tDAP
1st dose meningococcal
1st dose HPV(optional)
enuresis
bedwetting
usually stops btw 6-8 yrs
more common in boys
dx: 5yrs+, occurs 2+ times per week for 3 months
causes: physical (UTI, impaired kidneys, diabetes, sickle cell), emotional (voluntary)
treat: bladder training, fluid restriction in evenings, wake up overnight, drugs
enuresis drugs
oxybutynin
imipramine (Tofranil)
desmopressin- synthetic vasopressin
bladder capacity calculation
age + 2 = capacity in oz
oz to mL
1 oz = 30 mL
adult bladder capacity
450-500 mL
stress fractures
small cracks in bones
dx: bone scan, observation
causes: repetitive pounding or excessive force.
symptoms: sharp, persistent, deep dull ache
overuse syndrome
strains and sprains, shin splints, tennis elbow
cause: repetitive microtrauma to muscles/tendons
symptoms: pain, tenderness, swelling, disability
ADHD
inability to control behaviors hallmarked by inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity
insufficient amounts of dopamine or norepi
interventions: behavioral plan, minimize distractions, praise child
ADHD meds
nervous system stimulants that release dopamine and norepi
ex: methylphenidate, Adderall, Strattera
do not give at night
may cause lack of appetite
can have vacation days
must be at least 4yrs old to take
turner syndrome
absence of one X chromosome
occurs only in females
signs: sterile, amenorrhea, afertile, short, no secondary sex characteristics, webbed neck, shield shaped chest, low posterior hairline, widely spaced nipples
DO have vagina, ovaries, uterus
dx: genetic testing, when significant puberty delay
treat: estrogen therapy
klinefelter sundrom
XXY (presence of one of more additional X chromosome)
occurs in males only
defective development of secondary sex characteristics (less body hair, small testes, broad hips)
azoospermia=infertility
dx: genetic testing, when delayed puberty or infertility
treat: testosterone therapy
amenorrhea
abnormal absence of menstruation
primary amenorrhea
no secondary sex characteristics and no menarche by 14-15 or secondary sex characteristics present and no menarches by 16-16.5
causes: chromosomal or genetic problems, hormonal issues with hypothalamus or pituitary
secondary amenorrhea
absence of menses for 6 mo or absence of 3 cycles
causes: birth control, ED
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
causes: endometriosis, uterine cysts/fibroids
manage: NSAIDs, estrogen therapy, oral contraceptives, diet changes, exercise
school phobia
extreme reluctance to attend school for a sustained period as a result of severe anxiety or fear
treatment depends on cause
symptoms: HA, “not feeling well”, stomach ache
symptoms relieve when at home or on weekends/holidays
