Early Chapters Flashcards
atraumatic care
eliminates and minimizes psychological and physical distress in patients and families
family centered care is…
enabling and empowering
infant mortality
number of deaths per 1000 live births during the first year of life
risk factors: low birth weight (under 2500g), black, maternal age
leading cause of infant mortality
congenital malformations
childhood mortality
number of deaths per 1000 children over one year
leading cause of childhood mortality
injuries
(MVC, burns, poison, drowning, firearms)
childhood morbidity
acute illness, chronic disease, or disability in children over one year
risk factors: homelessness, poverty, foreign born, daycare
growth
increase in physical size due to an increase in number and size of cells
results in increased height and weight
growth percentile
a statistical representation of 100 children and placement within the 100 members of the comparison group
concerns with percentiles
sharp drops or plateaus
if child is below 10th percentile
brain development is measured by…
psychological skills (theories of psychosexual, cognitive,psychosocial)
physical skills (motor milestones)
periods of growth
infancy (most rapid)
preschool (rate slows)
puberty (growth spurt)
weight changes in infancy
weight doubles by 6 mo
weight triples by 12 mo
cephalocaudal growth
head to tail neuromuscular growth
(begins w head control, then trunk and arm, then leg)
growth is influenced by
heredity (determines potential)
nutrition (largest singular influence on growth)
gender
disease
environment
what is the largest singular influence on growth?
nutrition
prenatal age stage
conception to birth
neonatal age stage
birth to 28 days
infancy age stage
birth to 1 year
toddler age stage
1 to 3 years
preschool age stage
3 to 6 years
school aged stage
6 to 12 years
adolescent age stage
12 to 18 years
freud’s psychosexual stages
all human behavior is energized by the psychodynamic forces of the id, ego, supergo
oral stage
birth to 1 year
anal stage
1 to 3 years
phallic stage
3 to 6 years
latency stage
6 to 12 years
genital stage
12+ years
erikson’s psychosocial stages
cannot move to next stage until conflict is resolved
trust vs mistrust
birth to 1 year
autonomy vs shame and doubt
1 to 3 years
initiative vs guilt
3 to 6 years
industry vs inferiority
6 to 12 years
identity vs role confusion
12 to 18 years
piaget’s cognitive stages
sensorimotor
birth to 2 years
object permanence
preoperational
2 to 7 years
egocentrism
concrete opeations
7 to 11 years
conservation
formal operations
11 to 15 years
solitary play
child plays alone and ignores others
onlooker play
observes play of others
parallel play
child uses same toys and plays beside other kids, but not with
associative play
child plays with others but unorganized
cooperative play
children play together, organized, scheming, and expressing ideas
normal pulse of an infant
80-150
normal pulse of 1-5 yr old
60-110
normal pulse of 6-10 yr old
60-110
normal pulse of 10+ yr old
50-100
normal respirations of an infant
30-50
normal respirations of 1-5 yr old
20-30
normal respirations of 6-10 yr old
18-25
normal respirations of 10+ yr old
14-20
normal BP of an infant
85-105 / 50-60
normal BP of 1-5 yr old
90-110 / 50-60
normal BP of 6-10 yr old
95-120 / 50-70
normal BP of 10+ yr old
100-130 / 60-90
assessment order
- observe (objective pain and skin)
- vitals (RR, HR, BP, temp)
- other systems
- palpate
FLACC scale
for 0-3 yr olds or nonverbal
Face
Legs
Activity
Cry
Consolability
FACES pain scale
4-6 yr olds
self reporting
Color tool
4-6 yr olds
self reporting
numeric pain scale
6+ yrs
self reporting
custody
person that has physical placement of minor
legal guardianship
person that makes legal decisions for minors
le-foster parents
have custody but not guardianship
ABC
alone
back
crib
1 g of a wet diaper
1 mL of urine
PIV guidelines
if capped, flush Q8
if infusing, assess Q1 (touch, look, compare to other extremity)
IM injections
1 inch, 90 degrees
under 2 yrs: vastus lateralis
over 2 yrs: deltoid
SQ injections
5/8 inch, 45 degrees
under 12 mo: thigh
over 12 mo: back of arm
adolescents: abdomen
SQ immunizations
MMR
Varicella
