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Pediatrics > Endocrine Ch 28 > Flashcards

Endocrine Ch 28 Flashcards

1
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

involves all the hormones of the pituatary gland

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2
Q

hypoglycemia

A

less than 60
hunger
lightheaded
pallor, cool skin
diaphoretic
decreasing LOC
HA, blurred vision
tachycardia
irritability

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3
Q

hyperglycemia

A

above 250
thirst
early- polyuria
late- oliguria
warm dry skin
weak pulse
kussmaul respirations with fruity breath (rapid deep)

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4
Q

diabetes dx

A

fasting glucose of 8 hrs above 126
expected HbA1c= 4-6%

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5
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
most common in juvenilles
pancreas cannot make insulin - insulin deficient
symptoms appear more quickly
treat: insulin

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6
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

acquired (poor lifestyle)
insulin resistant
symptoms appear slower
can become prediabetic first
treat: lifestyle changes (exercise and diet), medications

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7
Q

insulin pump

A

atraumatic
catheter changed every 3 days, rotate sites

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8
Q

continuous glucose monitor

A

$$$
can read glucose levels on app

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9
Q

hypopituitarism

A

growth hormone deficiency
dysfunction of hypothalamus resulting in decreased growth hormone releasing hormone and less GH for bone growth
CM: short (less than 10th%)
dx: GH stimulating test (blood draw), skeletal survey in younger than 3yrs
treat: daily GH SQ injections

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10
Q

acromegaly

A

excess GH after epiphyseal closure (postpuberty)
commonly caused by tumor
CM: really tall, overgrowth of facial features, separation and malocclusion of the teeth, increased facial hair, thickened creased skin
dx: excessive GH via blood sample
manage: emotional support, oncology if r/t tumor

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11
Q

precocious puberty

A

sexual development before 8 yrs in girls and 9 yrs in boys
(occurs more in girls)
cause: t

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12
Q

diseases of growth hormone

A

GH deficiency
Acromegaly

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13
Q

diseases of ADH

A

KIDNEYS
DI
SIADH

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14
Q

diseases of ACTH

A

ADRENAL GLANDS
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s disease
Pheochromocytoma

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15
Q

diseases of LH and FSH

A

OVARIES AND TESTIES
precocious puberty

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16
Q

diseases of TSH

A

THYROID
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism

17
Q

precocious puberty

A

sexual development before 8yrs in girls, 9yrs in boys
r/t tumor, infection, idiopathic
CM: growth spurt and secondary sex characteristics early
treat: LH releasing hormone injection until normal appropriate time for puberty

18
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

undersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by posterior pituitary resulting in extreme diuresis
CM: polyuria and polydipsia! (peeing up to 15L per day)
dx: water deprivation test
manage: synthetic ADH (desmopressin), monitor for heart dysrthymias and confusion from abnormal labs r/t dehydration

19
Q

SIADH

A

hypersecretion of ADH causing kidneys to reabsorb too much water
can be r/t complication of MS
DECREASES ELECTROLYTES
CM: excessive thirst, fluid retention, anorexia, N/V, irritability
manage: fluid restriction (1200-1800mL/day), ADH antagonists, sodium replacements, monitor for respiratory distress, neuro assess, seizure precautions, telemetry

20
Q

normal thyroid function

A

pituatary releases TSH, releasing thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) and calcitonin

21
Q

calcitonin

A

prevents Ca from getting too high
works to keep it between 8.5-10

22
Q

thyroid hormone

A

T3 and T4
regulates basal metabolic rate

23
Q

juvenile hypothyroidism

A

deficiency in thyroid function
congenital(hypoplastic thyroid), acquired(r/t radiation, thyroidectomy), iodine deficiency
dx: decreased T3 and T4 (TH) and elevated TSH
CM: dry skin, sparse hair, periorbital edema, constipation, mental decline
treat: synthroid
can lead to intellectual disability if not treated early enough

24
Q

lymphocytic thyroiditis

A

Hashimotos disease
autoimmune, antibodies attack thyroid
most common cause of juvenile hypothyroidism
CM: goiter, hypothyroidism symptoms
treat: daily thyroid replacement, steroids (NO surgery, autoimmune)

25
Q

Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism, autoimmune, antibodies attack and overstimulate thyroid
CM: goiter, exophthalmos, hyperactivity, tremors, insomnia, weight loss r/t increased BMR, warm moist skin, heat intolerance
dx: increased T3 and T4 (TH), low TSH
treat: antithyroid drugs, radiation to thyroid, thyroidectomy

26
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

thyroid crisis/storm
sudden release of TH
medical emergency
CM: extreme HTN, hyperthermia (104+), tachycardia, delirium
treat: stabilize pts with propranolol, antithyroid drugs

27
Q

normal parathyroid function

A

4 parathyroid glands on back of thyroid
raises Ca levels in blood to keep between 8.5 and 10

28
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient PTH resulting in hypocalcemia
CM: muscle cramps, brittle hair, tetany, HA,
chovstek sign- tap facial nerve and face will spasm
trousseau sign- squeeze carpal tunnel nerve and hand will contract
dx: hypocalcemia, decreased PTH, increased phosphorus
treat: calcium and vit D supplements

29
Q

calcium and phosphorus relationship

A

inverse!

30
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive PTH, hypercalcemia
CM: kidney stones, excessive thirst, N/V, joint pain, abd pain, fatigue
dx: hypercalcemia, increased PTH, decreased phosphorus
treat: remove tumor, vit D supplement

31
Q

normal adrenal gland function

A

ACTH from pituitary stimulates adrenal glands on top of kidneys
medulla= catecholamines (epi + norepi)
cortex= cortisol+ aldosterone

32
Q

addison’s disease

A

adrenocortical insufficiency
decreased cortisol and aldosterone resulting in hypovolemia and hypotension
caused by autoimmune response, cancer, infection
CM: hypotension, hair loss, skin darkening, weight loss, anorexia, muscle pain, abd pain, depression irritability
treat: cortisol and aldosterone replacement

33
Q

cushing’s syndrome

A

too much cortisol released by adrenal glands
usually r/t tumor or prolonged steroid therapy
CM: excessive hair growth, moon face, red cheeks, weight gain, red striae on abdomen, poor wound healing, bruising
treat: cannot be treated if r/t steroids, adrenalectomy if r/t tumor

34
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

adrenal tumor increasing epi and norepi (catecholamines)
CM: tachycardia, sweating, flushing, HTN, HA
dx: 24 hr urine collect, high levels of metanephrines (byproduct of epi and norepi)
treat: resect tumor

35
Q
A

Pediatrics (17 decks)

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