Musculoskeletal

Question 1

simple/closed fracture

Answer 1

does not break skin

Question 2

compound/open fracture

Answer 2

bone protrudes through skin

Question 3

comminuted fracture

Answer 3

small fragments of bone are broken and lie in the surrounding tissue

Question 4

greenstick fracture

Answer 4

half of bone breaks, incomplete

Question 5

stress fracture

Answer 5

hairline or crack in bone
can be seen in MRI

Question 6

nursing care for fracture

Answer 6

immobilize (cast, splint, traction)
pain management
non weight bearing

Question 7

casted child

Answer 7

cast on for 6-8weeks
monitor for skin breakdown
keep cast dry

Question 8

compartment syndrome 6 Ps

Answer 8

Pain (distal to cast)
Pulse (weak or absent)
Pallor
Paresthesia (pins/needles)
Paralysis (cant wiggle)
Pressure

Question 9

traction

Answer 9

forward force by attaching weight to bone

Question 10

countertraction

Answer 10

backwards force by bodyweight

Question 11

frictional force

Answer 11

provided by contact w bed

Question 12

traction nursing considerations

Answer 12

unable to repo
strict bedrest
cannot remove weights w/out Dr
use muscle relaxants and narcotics
assess for compartment syndrome
topical abx (skeletal)

Question 13

halo traction

Answer 13

cervical
screwed into skull to straighten out compressed spine

Question 14

degrees of developmental dislocation of hip (DDH)

Answer 14

acetabular (mildest, shallow socket, head remains in)
subluxation (ball slightly out of socket)
dislocation (femoral head displaced entirely, ligaments are longated and taut)

Question 15

signs of DDH

Answer 15

shortened limb and restricted abduction of hip, unequal gluteal folds when prone
+ ortolani (abduct hips)
+ barlow (knees to chest)

Question 16

managing DDH

Answer 16

newborns-6mo: pavlik harness (for 3-5mo)
6-24mo: spica cast immobilization
older child: operative reduction (becomes difficult after age 4)