Communicable and Integumentary Diseases Flashcards
herd immunity
when 83-94% of the population is immunized, protects those who are not vaccinated
primary prevention
conjunctivits
etiology: virus, bacteria, allergies, foreign body, blocked tear duct
symptoms: redness, itchiness, purulent discharge, light sensitivity
treat: ABX, warm washcloth, remove crusties, PO pain meds, rest
stomatitis
etiology: viral (HFMD, HSV)
symptoms: mouth sores, ulcers
treat: PO pain meds, numbing gels, ensure hydration, avoid acidic liquids, prevent spread
measles
etiology: rubella
prodromal stage: fever, kolpik spots (small red w blue in center in cheek), cough, conjunctivitis
hallmark symptoms: flat red descending rash starting on face. starts 2-4 days after prodromal stage
treat: run its course, PO tylenol/ibuprofen, rest and fluids
prevent: MMR vaccine
scarlet fever
etiology: strep bacteria
prodromal: high fever, vomiting, HA, chills
hallmark symptoms: strep throat, rash appears 12 hrs after prodromal starting in folds of skin, white strawberry tongue for first 1-2 days
treat: ABX, PO tylenol/ibuprofen, rest and fluids
whooping cough
etiology: Bordetella pertussis
transmission: droplet or direct contact
prodromal: upper resp infection
hallmark: short rapid coughs followed by whooping sound
treat: ABX, humidified O2, IS, albuterol if wheezy
fifth’s disease
etiology: parvovirus
spread by droplet and blood
prodromal: low fever, HA, runny nose
hallmark: slap rash on cheeks that spreads to trunk arms and legs
(when rash appears=not contagious)
treat: PO tylenol
roseola infantum
etiology: HSV
symptoms: sudden high fever for 1-3 days, roseola rash (small flat red spots on trunk and neck)
treat: antipyretics, rest, fluids
mumps
etiology: viral
prodromal: fever, HA, muscle aches
hallmark: puffy cheeks, swollen parotids
treat: antipyretics, cold compress, fluids, maintain nutrition
prevent w MMR
chicken pox
etiology: varicella zoster virus
hallmark: itchy red rash w fluid filled blisters
treat: topical creams, mits to avoid itching
prevent w varicella vaccine
diphtheria
etiology: bacteria
transmits through resp droplets
hallmark: bullsneck (neck swelling), gray mucus membranes, mouth ulcers
treat: ABX and antitoxins
prevent w DTaP
intestinal parasites
worm (pinworm)
parasite (giardiasis)
spread through contact
symptoms: diarrhea, abd cramping
treat: dewormers
abscess
pocket of pus
cellulitis
treat: incision and drainage
fungal skin infections
dermatophytoses
tinea captitis (scalp ringworm)
tinea corporis (skin ringworm)
tinea pedis (athletes foot)
candidiasis (thrush, diaper rash)- an opportunistic infection
eczema
chronic atopic dermatitis
remission and flare ups
hallmark: red/brown thick hard leathery patches
not contagious
treat: bathe with baking powder, wrap in wet towel, lather in steroid creams, PO steroids or antihistamines