Communicable and Integumentary Diseases

Question 1

herd immunity

Answer 1

when 83-94% of the population is immunized, protects those who are not vaccinated
primary prevention

Question 2

conjunctivits

Answer 2

etiology: virus, bacteria, allergies, foreign body, blocked tear duct
symptoms: redness, itchiness, purulent discharge, light sensitivity
treat: ABX, warm washcloth, remove crusties, PO pain meds, rest

Question 3

stomatitis

Answer 3

etiology: viral (HFMD, HSV)
symptoms: mouth sores, ulcers
treat: PO pain meds, numbing gels, ensure hydration, avoid acidic liquids, prevent spread

Question 4

measles

Answer 4

etiology: rubella
prodromal stage: fever, kolpik spots (small red w blue in center in cheek), cough, conjunctivitis
hallmark symptoms: flat red descending rash starting on face. starts 2-4 days after prodromal stage
treat: run its course, PO tylenol/ibuprofen, rest and fluids
prevent: MMR vaccine

Question 5

scarlet fever

Answer 5

etiology: strep bacteria
prodromal: high fever, vomiting, HA, chills
hallmark symptoms: strep throat, rash appears 12 hrs after prodromal starting in folds of skin, white strawberry tongue for first 1-2 days
treat: ABX, PO tylenol/ibuprofen, rest and fluids

Question 6

whooping cough

Answer 6

etiology: Bordetella pertussis
transmission: droplet or direct contact
prodromal: upper resp infection
hallmark: short rapid coughs followed by whooping sound
treat: ABX, humidified O2, IS, albuterol if wheezy

Question 7

fifth’s disease

Answer 7

etiology: parvovirus
spread by droplet and blood
prodromal: low fever, HA, runny nose
hallmark: slap rash on cheeks that spreads to trunk arms and legs
(when rash appears=not contagious)
treat: PO tylenol

Question 8

roseola infantum

Answer 8

etiology: HSV
symptoms: sudden high fever for 1-3 days, roseola rash (small flat red spots on trunk and neck)
treat: antipyretics, rest, fluids

Question 9

mumps

Answer 9

etiology: viral
prodromal: fever, HA, muscle aches
hallmark: puffy cheeks, swollen parotids
treat: antipyretics, cold compress, fluids, maintain nutrition
prevent w MMR

Question 10

chicken pox

Answer 10

etiology: varicella zoster virus
hallmark: itchy red rash w fluid filled blisters
treat: topical creams, mits to avoid itching
prevent w varicella vaccine

Question 11

diphtheria

Answer 11

etiology: bacteria
transmits through resp droplets
hallmark: bullsneck (neck swelling), gray mucus membranes, mouth ulcers
treat: ABX and antitoxins
prevent w DTaP

Question 12

intestinal parasites

Answer 12

worm (pinworm)
parasite (giardiasis)
spread through contact
symptoms: diarrhea, abd cramping
treat: dewormers

Question 13

abscess

Answer 13

pocket of pus
cellulitis
treat: incision and drainage

Question 14

fungal skin infections

Answer 14

dermatophytoses
tinea captitis (scalp ringworm)
tinea corporis (skin ringworm)
tinea pedis (athletes foot)
candidiasis (thrush, diaper rash)- an opportunistic infection

Question 15

eczema

Answer 15

chronic atopic dermatitis
remission and flare ups
hallmark: red/brown thick hard leathery patches
not contagious
treat: bathe with baking powder, wrap in wet towel, lather in steroid creams, PO steroids or antihistamines

Question 16

pediculosis capitis

Answer 16

head lice
symptom: scalp itching
treat: pediculicides and removal of nits
adult louse lives 48hrs without human host
nits (eggs) hatch in 7-10 days
nits can only be removed with special comb

Question 17

verrucae

Answer 17

warts