Communicable and Integumentary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

herd immunity

A

when 83-94% of the population is immunized, protects those who are not vaccinated
primary prevention

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2
Q

conjunctivits

A

etiology: virus, bacteria, allergies, foreign body, blocked tear duct
symptoms: redness, itchiness, purulent discharge, light sensitivity
treat: ABX, warm washcloth, remove crusties, PO pain meds, rest

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3
Q

stomatitis

A

etiology: viral (HFMD, HSV)
symptoms: mouth sores, ulcers
treat: PO pain meds, numbing gels, ensure hydration, avoid acidic liquids, prevent spread

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4
Q

measles

A

etiology: rubella
prodromal stage: fever, kolpik spots (small red w blue in center in cheek), cough, conjunctivitis
hallmark symptoms: flat red descending rash starting on face. starts 2-4 days after prodromal stage
treat: run its course, PO tylenol/ibuprofen, rest and fluids
prevent: MMR vaccine

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5
Q

scarlet fever

A

etiology: strep bacteria
prodromal: high fever, vomiting, HA, chills
hallmark symptoms: strep throat, rash appears 12 hrs after prodromal starting in folds of skin, white strawberry tongue for first 1-2 days
treat: ABX, PO tylenol/ibuprofen, rest and fluids

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6
Q

whooping cough

A

etiology: Bordetella pertussis
transmission: droplet or direct contact
prodromal: upper resp infection
hallmark: short rapid coughs followed by whooping sound
treat: ABX, humidified O2, IS, albuterol if wheezy

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7
Q

fifth’s disease

A

etiology: parvovirus
spread by droplet and blood
prodromal: low fever, HA, runny nose
hallmark: slap rash on cheeks that spreads to trunk arms and legs
(when rash appears=not contagious)
treat: PO tylenol

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8
Q

roseola infantum

A

etiology: HSV
symptoms: sudden high fever for 1-3 days, roseola rash (small flat red spots on trunk and neck)
treat: antipyretics, rest, fluids

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9
Q

mumps

A

etiology: viral
prodromal: fever, HA, muscle aches
hallmark: puffy cheeks, swollen parotids
treat: antipyretics, cold compress, fluids, maintain nutrition
prevent w MMR

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10
Q

chicken pox

A

etiology: varicella zoster virus
hallmark: itchy red rash w fluid filled blisters
treat: topical creams, mits to avoid itching
prevent w varicella vaccine

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11
Q

diphtheria

A

etiology: bacteria
transmits through resp droplets
hallmark: bullsneck (neck swelling), gray mucus membranes, mouth ulcers
treat: ABX and antitoxins
prevent w DTaP

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12
Q

intestinal parasites

A

worm (pinworm)
parasite (giardiasis)
spread through contact
symptoms: diarrhea, abd cramping
treat: dewormers

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13
Q

abscess

A

pocket of pus
cellulitis
treat: incision and drainage

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14
Q

fungal skin infections

A

dermatophytoses
tinea captitis (scalp ringworm)
tinea corporis (skin ringworm)
tinea pedis (athletes foot)
candidiasis (thrush, diaper rash)- an opportunistic infection

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15
Q

eczema

A

chronic atopic dermatitis
remission and flare ups
hallmark: red/brown thick hard leathery patches
not contagious
treat: bathe with baking powder, wrap in wet towel, lather in steroid creams, PO steroids or antihistamines

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16
Q

pediculosis capitis

A

head lice
symptom: scalp itching
treat: pediculicides and removal of nits
adult louse lives 48hrs without human host
nits (eggs) hatch in 7-10 days
nits can only be removed with special comb

17
Q

verrucae

A

warts

18
Q
A