Genitourinary Ch 26 Flashcards
cystitis
bladder
urethritis
urethra
pyelonephritis
kidneys
urosepsis
blood
risk factors for UTIs
diapered
uncircumcised males
females (short urethra)
tight synthetic underwear
urinary stasis (urine sits in bladder)
vesicoureteral reflux (reflex from bladder into ureters)
normal urinalysis
clear and yellow
pH= 5-9
specific gravity= 1.001-1.035
protein= less than 20mg/dL
urobilinogen= up to 1mg/dL
NO glucose, ketones, Hgb, WBC, RBC, casts, nitriites
positive urine culture
presence of nitrites
leukocyte esterase
bacteria (cloudy)
e. coli precautions
standard precautions
pyridium
makes urine orange
adequate urine output production for children
1-2 mL/kg/hr
(a 24kg patient needs to pee 24-48kg per hour
bladder capacity under 1 yr
kg x 7 = mL
bladder capacity above 1 yr
(yrs + 2) x 30 = mL
bladder capacity cannot exceed
450 mL
hypospadia
urethral opening on vental or underside of penis
chordee
ventral curvature of the penis
epispadia
urethral opening on top or dorsal side of penis
surgery within 1yr of birth
phimosis
inability to retract foreskin
nephrotic syndrome
idiopathic, congenital, or secondary to glomerular damage
glomerular membrane becomes permeable to proteins/albumin
proteins excreted through urine
hallmark: massive proteinuria (+2), edema, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hypovolemia, muehrke lines, weight gain
dx: MRI, proteinuria
manage: strict I&O, measure abdominal girth, low protein, sodium restriction, steroids (prednisone), immunosuppressants, diuretics(monitor K)
acute glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli
caused by group A strep
CM: proteinuria, edema, oliguria, HTN, hematuria, tea colroed urine, hyperkalemia
dx: + strep test, renal biopsy
treat: abx, supportive care, needs to run course, diuretics, antihypertensives
