Genitourinary Ch 26

Question 1

cystitis

Answer 1

bladder

Question 2

urethritis

Answer 2

urethra

Question 3

pyelonephritis

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

urosepsis

Answer 4

blood

Question 5

risk factors for UTIs

Answer 5

diapered
uncircumcised males
females (short urethra)
tight synthetic underwear
urinary stasis (urine sits in bladder)
vesicoureteral reflux (reflex from bladder into ureters)

Question 6

normal urinalysis

Answer 6

clear and yellow
pH= 5-9
specific gravity= 1.001-1.035
protein= less than 20mg/dL
urobilinogen= up to 1mg/dL
NO glucose, ketones, Hgb, WBC, RBC, casts, nitriites

Question 7

positive urine culture

Answer 7

presence of nitrites
leukocyte esterase
bacteria (cloudy)

Question 8

e. coli precautions

Answer 8

standard precautions

Question 9

pyridium

Answer 9

makes urine orange

Question 10

adequate urine output production for children

Answer 10

1-2 mL/kg/hr
(a 24kg patient needs to pee 24-48kg per hour

Question 11

bladder capacity under 1 yr

Answer 11

kg x 7 = mL

Question 12

bladder capacity above 1 yr

Answer 12

(yrs + 2) x 30 = mL

Question 13

bladder capacity cannot exceed

Answer 13

450 mL

Question 14

hypospadia

Answer 14

urethral opening on vental or underside of penis

Question 15

chordee

Answer 15

ventral curvature of the penis

Question 16

epispadia

Answer 16

urethral opening on top or dorsal side of penis
surgery within 1yr of birth

Question 17

phimosis

Answer 17

inability to retract foreskin

Question 18

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 18

idiopathic, congenital, or secondary to glomerular damage
glomerular membrane becomes permeable to proteins/albumin
proteins excreted through urine
hallmark: massive proteinuria (+2), edema, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hypovolemia, muehrke lines, weight gain
dx: MRI, proteinuria
manage: strict I&O, measure abdominal girth, low protein, sodium restriction, steroids (prednisone), immunosuppressants, diuretics(monitor K)

Question 19

acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 19

inflammation of the glomeruli
caused by group A strep
CM: proteinuria, edema, oliguria, HTN, hematuria, tea colroed urine, hyperkalemia
dx: + strep test, renal biopsy
treat: abx, supportive care, needs to run course, diuretics, antihypertensives