SCHIZOPHRENIA- psychological explanations

Question 1

what do explanation derive from for psychological? (3)

Answer 1

1. psychosocial factors
2. family relationships
3. faulty cognitive processes

Question 2

studies for psychosocial factors?

Answer 2

fox

Question 3

studies for family relationships?

Answer 3

vaughn and leff 
goldstein 
brown 
miklowitz 
bateson et al
lidz et al

Question 4

studies for faulty cognitive processes?

Answer 4

frith
hemsley
park et al

Question 5

what are the 2 bullet points for what psychosocial factors are?

Answer 5

1. socioeconomic status:schiz occur more in low socio eco.this could be due to group status being a risk factor for a schiz. alternatively people with schiz may no longer cope adequately with jobs nd relationships and so become part of lower socio eco groups
2. migrant populations:schizo occur more frequent espcially afro carri. this may be due to psychosocial adversity and stress living with racial discrimination

Question 6

what happened in support for psychosocial factors in fox?

Answer 6

more likely that factors associated with living in poorer conditions e.g stress may trigger onset of schiz compared to individs with schiz moving down social status

Question 7

opposition for fox?

Answer 7

racial bias may occur in diagnosis of migrant populations so more of such people diagnosed with schiz

Question 8

opposition for psychosocial factors?

Answer 8

unlikely that social class or economic statuses anything more than contributing factors

Question 9

what are the 4 bullet points for family relationships?

Answer 9

1. disturbed patterns of communication within families might be a factor in the development of schiz
2. h.w family may play more important role in course of disorder than cause
3. ee may be more important factor in maintaing schiz
4. ee includes hosility,critiscm,over involvement, over concern

Question 10

what happened in support for family relationships in vaughn and leff?

Answer 10

51% relapse in those of high ee homes compared to 13% in low ee. relapse rates increased more face to face contact of high ee relatives.those who spent less time in high ee were significantly less in relapse

Question 11

opposition with goldstein?

Answer 11

many patients with schiz are away from their families and are not less prone to relapse despite lack of ee

Question 12

what happened in support for family relationships in brown?

Answer 12

patients with schiz who returned to homes with high lev of ee showed greater tendancy to relapse than those of low

Question 13

opposition to brown?

Answer 13

high ee may develop in family as response to burdens of living with a person suffering schiz

Question 14

what happened in support for family relationships in miklowtiz?

Answer 14

ee is well established maintenance model of schiz. treatment often includes programmes to educated family to control levels of ee

Question 15

what happened in support for family relationships in bateson et al?

Answer 15

double bind hypothesis- children are given conflicting messages from parents who express care yet simultaneously are critical of children. leads to confusion, self doubt and eventual withdrawal

Question 16

what happened in support for family relationships in lidz et al?

Answer 16

discord btw parents was associated with schiz in offspring

Question 17

what are the 3 factors contained with cognitive explanations?

Answer 17

attention- failure to activate schemas- faulty cognitve processes

Question 18

what are the 3 bullet points for attention?

Answer 18

1. mechanisms that filter the process incoming stimuli are defective in brains schiz patients
2. indivds with schiz cant focus attention selectively and this inability to filter means they attempt to process too much irrell info
3. they are inundated by external stimuli which they are unable to interpret appropriatelty

Question 19

who is the researcher for failure to activate schemas?

Answer 19

helmsey

Question 20

what did helmsey say about failure to activate schemas?

Answer 20

in schiz there is a breakdown in the relationship btw info from memory and new info

Question 21

what is the 3 bullet points for failure to activate schemas?

Answer 21

1. schemas not activated so schiz are subjected to sensory overload and cant ignore which aspects of sit to attend to and which to ignore on basis of schema
2. superficial incidents are seen as highly relevant and significant
3. internal thoughts are often not recognised as arising from memory and so are thought to be from an external source and experienced auditory hallucinations

Question 22

who is the researcher for faulty cognitive processes?

Answer 22

frith

Question 23

what did frith say about faulty cognitive processes? with 3 no.s?

Answer 23

schiz patients unable to distinguish btw actions that are brought about externally or generated internally
symptoms of schiz can be explained as result of;
1-inability to generate voluntary action
2.inability to monitor vol action
3. inability to monitor beliefs and intentions of others

Question 24

what are the 3 numbers/factors part of with frith?

Answer 24

meta- representation which allows us to understand the beliefs and intentions of others

Question 25

what is faulty operation due to?

Answer 25

functional disconnection btw frontal areas of the brain concerned with action and more posterior areas of the brain that control perception

Question 26

what happened in support for cognitive explanations frith?

Answer 26

evidence where changes in cerebral blood flow in the brains of people with schiz when they are engage in specific cognitive tasks

Question 27

opposition for frith?

Answer 27

frith criticised as being reductionist where his theory fails to take into account environmental factors

Question 28

what happened in support for cognitive explanations in helmsey?

Answer 28

tentative research in animals has found a neurological relationship between problems in hippocampus and schema activation failure

Question 29

opposition for helmsey?

Answer 29

cog theories dont explain causes only symptoms of schiz

Question 30

what happened in support for cognitive explanations in park et al?

Answer 30

genetic support has been found where park et al found working memory deficits in people with schiz and in their first degree non schiz relatives