AS RESEARCH METHODS- experimental methods- experimental design- controlling ev Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what do experiments study?

A

cause and effect relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a cause & effect rels?

A

changin 1 thing leads to another variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do experiments have?

A

iv & dv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an independent variable?

A

a variable that is manipulated by the experimenter in order to look at the effect that it has on dv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a dependant variable?

A

the variable that is measured by the experimenter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an iv in rels?

A

the cause in a cause and effect rels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a dv in rels?

A

the effect in a cause and effect rels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

iv and dv in shorter?

A

iv is what we change and dv is what we measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the types of experimental methods?

A

lab experiment, field experiment, natural experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a lab experiment usually?

A

usually artificial situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define lab exp?

A

conducted in a controlled environment so we change the independent variable to see the effect on dv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

advantages of lab experiment?

A
  1. high levels of control e.g investigate cause and effect

2. replicable = reliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

disadvantages of lab experiment?

A
  1. lack of ecological validity -artificial as people change behaviour for results
  2. dc
  3. p often try t make sense of exp could change p behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define field experiment?

A

conducted in real life sit but still have control of iv and dv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

advantages of field experiment?

A
  1. ecological validity higher as in real life sit so more likely real behaviour
  2. low demand c -more natural behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

disadvantages of field experiment?

A
  1. less control -less control so cant control ev so changes in dv may not be due to iv
  2. cost more expensive than lab exp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define natural exp?

A

investigation into totally naturally occurring situations

iv occurs naturally e.g gender age social backround

18
Q

advantages of natural exp?

A
  1. improved validity real situations

2. research opportunities allow us to investigate situations that would be unethical to set up in labs

19
Q

disadvantages of natural exp?

A
  1. less control on iv and dv so cant draw casual conclusions

2. not replicable usually are rare sit so we cant test reliability of findings

20
Q

what are experimental designs?

A

how p’s are allocated to conditions of iv.

21
Q

what are the different types of designs?

A

independent groups
repeated measures
matched pairs

22
Q

what are independent group designs?

A

pps randomly allocated to diff groups which represent different conditions

23
Q

advantages of independent groups?

A

1.less chance of order effects like learning etc
2.can use same stimulus materials
3/].less dc

24
Q

disadvantages of independent groups?

A
  1. less effective for controlling p variables some diff abilities
  2. require more p
  3. takes more time to find p
25
Q

what are repeated measures?

A

same pps are used in both conditions conditions have to be counterbalanced

26
Q

advantage of repeated measures?

A
  1. p variables are elimated not diff abilities

2. fewer p need to be found = easier recruiting

27
Q

disadvantages of repeated measures?

A
  1. order effects like fatigue(bored second time) and learning can occur
  2. dc due to more contact with researcher
  3. cannot use same stimulus material due to learning effects
28
Q

what are matched pairs?

A

pairs of pp are closely matched and are then randomly allocated to one of the experimental conditions e.g characteristics like age intelligence iq test etc

29
Q

advantages of match pairs?

A
  1. participant variation reduced

2. no order effects

30
Q

disadvantages of matched pairs?

A
  1. costly and time consuming to find matched pairs
  2. need more p
  3. still gonna be p variation on other non matched factors
31
Q

what are order effects?

A

completing 1 condition first may affect the p performance in another condition

32
Q

what are ev’s?

A

variables other than iv that could affect dv and therefore confound the findings . they should be controlled to ensure that any changes in dv due to iv

33
Q

examples of ev’s?

A

participant variables
situational variables
experimenter effects
dc’s

34
Q

what are participant variables?

A

aspects of p characteristics or experience other than iv which may influence dv e.g motivation,age,intelligence,gender

35
Q

what are situational variables ?

A

aspects of research situation other than iv which may influence dc e.g time of day,noise, temp

36
Q

what are experimenter effects ?

A

effects of experimenters expectations which somehow communicated to p

37
Q

how can a researcher control ev’?

A

situational variables
p variables
experimenter bias/dc

38
Q

how can a researcher control situational variables?

A

keep sit same for everyone e.g lab ensure temp noise and pleasantness consistent
in a field try keep as many factors same e.g time of day
procedural controls ; specifically instruct p to avoid doing certain things that might influence dv

39
Q

how can a researcher control participant variables?

A

use a matcher pairs or repeated measures design
in an indep make sure p are randomly allocated to each con this ensures that p variables randomly allocated equally distributes across conditions

40
Q

how can a researcher control dc or experimenter bias?

A

single bind technique: p not told the aims of study so cannot alter b
double bind: researcher employs another who does not know aims of study to carry exp therefore cannot communication expectations about study to p