Schizophrenia Flashcards
What are the 2 types of schizophrenia?
paranoid
hebephrenic
catatonic
Describe paranoid schizophrenia?
most common
1st rank symptoms eg thought insertion, delusions and hallucinations
Describe hebephrenic schizophrenia?
typically younger patinets
silly and immature
Describe catatonic schizophrenia?
not common
presents with movement disorder
get waxy resistance
What is the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
at least 1 of:
thought insertion, broadcasting or withdrawal
delusions of control, influence or passitivity
halucinatory voices
OR
at least 2 of:
persistant hallucinations in any modality occuring every day for at least a month when accompanied by delusions
inconherant or irrelevent speech
catatonic behaviour
negative symptoms - marked apathy, blunting of affect etc
What are the postive symptoms of schizophrenia?
hallucinations
delusions
passitivity phenomena
form of thought disorder
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
reduced amount of sleep reduced motivation/drive reduced interest/pleasure reduced social interaction blunting of affect
What is the aeitiology of schizophrenia?
neurodevelopmental vulnerabilty that is later triggered by environmental factors
genetic factors involved too
starts with pyschosis - need to distrupt this before it forms a schizophrenia
What is the epidemiology of schizophrenia?
males>females
higher incidence in lower socioeconomic classes
What is the lifetime risk of schizophrenia?
1%
What is the age of onset of schizophrenia?
males: 15-24
females: 25-35
What are the genetic risk factors for schizophrenia?
both parents - 50%
1 parent - 15%
MZ twins - 40-60%
What are the environmental risk factors for schizophrenia?
drug use - cannabis urban dwelling - x2 fold increased risk englarged ventricles and thinner cortices altered dopamine signalling social adversity/depression
What birth complications can put you at an increased risk of schizophrenia?
prematurity prolonged labour hypoxia foetal distress prenatal exposure to viral infections - toxoplasmosis, chlamidya maternal stress and malnutrition winter/spring birth
What are bad prognostic features of schizophrenia?
poor pre morbid adjustment insidious onset early onset long duration of untreated psychosis congitive impairment enlarged ventricles
