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1. Psychiatry > Learning Difficulties/Disabilities > Flashcards

Learning Difficulties/Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

What is a learning difficulty?

A

a difficulty in just one aspect - e.g. maths

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2
Q

What is a learning disability?

A

a global impairment of cognition

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3
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for a learning disability?

A

IQ <70
occurs <18 years
deficits in adaptive functioning

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4
Q

What IQ constitutes a mild LD?

A

50-69

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5
Q

What is a baseline normal IQ?

A

70

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6
Q

What IQ constitutes a moderate LD?

A

35-49

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7
Q

What IQ constitutes a severe LD?

A

20-34

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8
Q

What IQ constitutes a profound LD?

A

<20

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9
Q

What is the mental age of somebody with borderline LD (IQ of 70-84)?

A

12-15 years

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10
Q

What are the charactersistics of somebody with a mild LD?

A

mental age = 9-12yrs
delayed speech
independence
struggles with reading or writing

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11
Q

What are the charactersistics of somebody with a moderate LD?

A

mental age = 6 - <9yrs
delayed self care and motor skills
slow language and comprehension
epilepsy and physical disability common

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of somebody with a severe LD?

A

mental age 3 - <6yrs

epilepsy and marked impairment globally

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of somebody with a profound LD?

A

mental age <3
little/no self care
severely restricted mobility wise

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14
Q

What chromosomal abnormalities lead to learning disabilities?

A

trisomy 21
patau syndrome - trisomy 13
edwards syndrome - trisomy 18

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15
Q

What genetic conditions can cause LDs?

A 
Cri du chat
Anglemann 15Q
Prader Willi 15Q
Velocardiofacial syndrome
Williams syndrome
Phenylketonuria
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Neurliposes 
Tuberous Sclerosis 
Congenital hypothyroidism
Lesch Nyhan Syndrome
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16
Q

What prenatal factors can lead to LDs?

A

maternal infection - rubella, CMV, toxoplasmosis
exposure to medication or drugs
poor diet and substance missuse
alcohol foetal syndrome

17
Q

What perinatal factors can lead to LDs?

A 
neonatal septicaemia
pneumonia
meningitis/encephalitis
birth injury/problems and delivery
newborn complications
18
Q

What postnatal factors can lead to LDs?

A 
CNS infections
vascular accindents
tumours
hypoxic brain injury
head injury
NAI
exposure to toxic agents
congenital hypothyroidism
19
Q

Why do people with learning difficulties often develop mental disorders? (esp schizophrenia)

A

organic brain vulnerability
learned helplessnesss
life events
social deprivation/disavantage

20
Q

What treatment can be given for learning disabilities?

A 
CBT or psychodynamic therapy
hearing aids, glasses, signing 
antipyshcotics
antidepressants
anticonvulsants

1. Psychiatry (23 decks)

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