Schizophrenia Flashcards
What does Schizophrenia cause?
distorted and bizarre thoughts, perceptions, emotions, movements, and behaviors
Positive/Hard Symptoms
- ambivalence
- associative looseness
- delusions
- echopraxia
- flight of ideas
- hallucinations
- ideas of reference
- perseveration
- bizarre behavior
Ambivalence
holding seemingly contradictory beliefs or feelings about the same person, event, or situation
Associative looseness
fragmented or poorly related thoughts and ideas
Delusions
fixed false beliefs that have no basis in reality
Echopraxia
imitation of the movements and gestures of another person whom the client is observing
Flight of Ideas
continuous flow of verbalization in which the person jumps rapidly from one topic to another
Hallucinations
false sensory perceptions or perceptual experiences that do not exist in reality
Ideas of Reference
false impressions that external events have special meaning for the person
Perseveration
persistent adherence to a single idea or topic, verbal repetition of a sentence, word, or phrase; resisting attempts to change topic
Bizarre Behavior
outlandish appearance or clothing; repetitive or stereotyped, seemingly purposeless movements; unusual social or sexual behavior
Negative or Soft Behavior
- Alogia
- Anhedonia
- Apathy
- Asociality
- Blunted Affect
- Catatonia
- Flat Affect
- Avolition or lack of volition
- Inattention
Alogia
tendency to speak very little or to convey little substance of meaning
Anhedonia
feeling no joy or pleasure from life or any activities or relationships
Apathy
Feelings of indifference toward people, activities, and events
Asociality
social withdrawal, few or no relationships, lack of closeness
Blunted Affect
Restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, or mood
Catatonia
Psychologically induced immobility occasionally marked by periods of agitation or excitement; seems motionless as if in trance
Flat Affect
Absence of any facial expression that would indicate emotions or mood
Lack of Volition
Absence of will, ambition, or drive to take action or accomplish tasks
Inattention
inability to concentrate or focus on a topic or activity regardless of its importance
When is Schizophrenia usually diagnosed?
late adolescence or early adulthood
- age 15-25 men
- age 25-35 women
When is a person diagnosed with Schizoaffective disorder?
when the client as a mixture of psychotic and mood symptoms
What is the onset of schizophrenia typically like?
may be abrupt or insidious, but most clients slowly and gradually develop signs and symptoms
Schizophreniform Disorder
the client exhibits an acute, reactive psychosis for less than 6 months necessary to meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia
Delusional Disorder
the client has one or more nonbizarre delusions that is the focus of the delusion is believable
Brief Psychotic Disorder
client experiences sudden onset of at least one psychotic symptom which lasts from 1 day to 1 month; may or may not have an identifiable stressor or follow childbirth
Shared Psychotic Disorder
two people share a similar delusion
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
involves odd, eccentric behaviors, including transient psychotic symptoms
What do the biologic theories of Schizophrenia focus on?
- genetic factors
- neuroanatomic and neurochemical factors (brain structure and function)
- immunovirology (body’s response to virus)
Dopamine Hypothesis
Dopamine excess and serotonin modulation of dopamine or excess
What are some neurologic side effects of psych drugs?
Extrapyramidal Side Effects -Acute dystonic reactions -Akathisia -Parkinsonism Tardive Dyskinesia Seizures NMS
Extrapyramidal Side Effects
reversible movement disorders induced by neuroleptic medications
Dystonic Reactions
spasms in discrete muscle groups such as the neck muscles or eye muscles (torticollis, oculogyric crisis)
Pseudoparkinsonism
neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, includes a shuffling gait, masklike facies, muscle stiffness or cogwheel rigidity, drooling, and akinesia
Akathisia
characterized by restless movement, pacing, inability to remain still, and the client’s report of inner restlessness
Tardive Dyskinesia
characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements such as lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing, blinking, grimacing, and choreiform movements of the limbs and feet
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
-serious and frequently fatal condition
characterized by muscle rigidity, high fever, increased muscle enzymes, and leukocytosis
Nonneurologic side effects of Psych Drugs
- weight gain, sedation, photosensitivity
- anticholinergic symptoms
- orthostatic hypotension
- agranulocytosis
Anticholinergic Symptoms
dry mouth
blurred vision
constipation
urinary retention
