Foundations of Psych Flashcards
Mental Health
- difficult to define
- no universal definition
- dynamic/ever changing
What are the primary influencing factors of mental health?
- Individual or personal
- Interpersonal or relationship
- Social/cultural or environmental
Individual or Personal Influencing Factors
biological makeup
self-esteem
stress and coping mechanisms
Interpersonal or Relationship Influencing Factors
effective communication
Social/cultural or Environmental Influencing Factors
access to adequate resources
positive and realistic worldview
stigma
Mental Illness includes disorders that affect what?
Mood
Behavior
Thinking
General Criteria for Diagnosis
- discontent w/ characteristics, abilities, and accomplishments
- unsatisfying relationships
- frustrations w/ one’s place in the world
- ineffective coping
- lack of personal growth
What is are the purposes of the DSM-5?
- provide standardized terminology and language
- Identify defining characteristics or symptoms
- assist in identifying underlying causes of disorders
The DSM-5 allows the practitioner to identify all factors that relate to a person’s condition including what?
- all major psychiatric disorders
- medical conditions
- psychosocial and environmental problems that may affect the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis
What was Aristotle’s theory of mental disorders?
Aristotle believed mental disorders were caused by an imbalance between the “4 Humors” of the body
(Blood, water, yellow, and black bile)
How was the imbalance of the 4 humors corrected?
blood letting, purging, or starvation
How did early Christians view mental disorders?
Believed people were possessed by demons
Period of Enlightenment
Creation of Asylums
Moral treatment of the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
Brought asylums to the United States
Who coined the 4 A’s of Schizophrenia?
Eugene Bleuler
4 A’s of Schizophrenia
Affect
Autism
Ambivalence
Associations
Affect
inappropriate or flattened emotion incongruent to circumstance or situation
Autism
social withdrawal- preferring to live in a fantasy world
Ambivalence
holding conflicting attitudes and emotions towards others and self
Association
loosening of thoughts
When were the first psychotropic drugs developed? And what were the first two?
1950’s
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)- antipsychotic
Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid)- antimanic
Deinstitutionalization
shift from state hospitals to community facilities
Legislation for disability Income
SSI and SSDI
Changes in Commitment Laws
more difficult to commit people for mental health treatment
How many Americans 18+ have diagnosable mental disorders?
More than 18.6% (43.7 million)
How many Americans have a substance use disorder?
20.7 million
How many of the population have a dual diagnosis?
8.4 million
How many adults plus children/adolescents live with impaired daily activities r/t mental illness or serious emotional disturbance?
15 million adults plus 4 million children/adolescents
What is the leading cause of disability in the US and Canada for those ages 15-44?
mental illness
Who was the first American Psychiatric nurse?
Linda Richards
Where was the site of the first training of nurses to work with persons with mental illness?
McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
What expansions were made with the development of somatic therapies?
Insulin shock therapy
Psychotherapy
Electroconvulsive therapy
What was the first Psychiatric Nursing textbook and who published it?
Nursing Mental Diseases by Harriet Bailey
What was the first school of nursing to include psychiatric nursing?
John Hopkins
Hildegard Peplau
therapeutic nurse-client relationship; interpersonal dimension
J Mellow
focused on psychosocial needs, strengths
