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Nursing > Psychosocial Theories and Therapies > Flashcards

Psychosocial Theories and Therapies Flashcards

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1
Q

Who developed the Psychoanalytic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Believes all human behavior is caused and can be explained

-Repressed sexual impulses, desires as motivation for behavior

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3
Q

What are the three personality components developed by Freud?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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4
Q

Id

A

Innate desires
Pleasure seeking
Aggression
Sexual impulses

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5
Q

Ego

A

Balancing/mediating force b/t in the Id and Superego

Mature adaptive behavior

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6
Q

Superego

A

Moral and ethical values

Parental

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7
Q

Ego Defense Mechanisms

A

methods of attempting to protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings, or events

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8
Q

Compensation

A

overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area

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9
Q

Denial

A

failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition; failure to admit the reality of a situation

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10
Q

Displacement

A

ventilation of intense feelings towards persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings

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11
Q

Identification

A

modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal

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12
Q

Intellectualization

A

Separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved; acknowledging the facts and not the emotions

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13
Q

Projection

A

unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object

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14
Q

Rationalization

A

Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect

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15
Q

Regression

A

moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met

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16
Q

Repression

A

Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness

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17
Q

What are the Psychosexual stages of development?

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic/oedipal
Latency
Genital
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18
Q

Transference

A

when the client displaces into the therapist attitudes and feelings that the client originally experienced in other relationships

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19
Q

Countertransference

A

Occurs when the therapist displaces onto the client attitudes or feelings from his or her past

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20
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

focus on discovering causes of patient’s unconscious, repressed thoughts, feelings, conflicts, related to anxiety
-dream analysis

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21
Q

Who came up with the 8 stages of psychosocial development?

A

Erik Erikson

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22
Q

Trust vs Mistrust (infant)

A

Hope
viewing the world as safe and reliable
relationships nurturing, stable, and dependable

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23
Q

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (toddler)

A

Will

Achieving a sense of control and free will

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24
Q

Initiative vs Guilt (preschool)

A

Purpose
Beginning development of conscience
Learning to manage conflict and anxiety

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25
Q

Industry vs Inferiority (school age)

A

Competence
Emerging confidence in own abilities
Taking pleasure in accomplishments

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26
Q

Identity vs Role Confusion (adolescence)

A

Fidelity

Formulating sense of self and belonging

27
Q

Intimacy vs Isolation (young adult)

A

Love

Forming adult, loving relationships and meaningful attachments to others

28
Q

Generativity vs stagnation (middle adult)

A

Care

Being creative and productive; establishing the next generation

29
Q

Ego Integrity vs Despair (maturity)

A

Wisdom

Accepting responsibility for one’s self and life

30
Q

Jean Piaget’s four stages of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations

31
Q

Who developed the theory of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship?

A

Hildegard Peplau

32
Q

Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship Four Stages

A

Orientation Phase
Identification Phase
Exploitation Phase
Resolution Phase

33
Q

Roles of the Nurse in Therapeutic Relationships

A 
Stranger
Resource
Teacher
Leader
Surrogate
Counselor
34
Q

Four Levels of Anxiety

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe
Panic

35
Q

Mild Anxiety

A

positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems

36
Q

Moderate Anxiety

A

decreased perceptual field; focused on immediate task only; person can learn new behavior and solve problems only with assistance

37
Q

Severe Anxiety

A

involves feelings of dread or terror; can not be redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiological symptoms

38
Q

Panic Anxiety

A

involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness

39
Q

Who developed the Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Abraham Maslow

40
Q

Hierarchy of Needs (bottom to top)

A
  • Physiological needs (food, water, sleep, etc.)
  • Safety and Security (protection, freedom)
  • Love and Belonging (relationships)
  • Esteem needs (self-respect and esteem from others)
  • Self-actualization
41
Q

Self-actualization

A

a person who has achieved all the needs in the hierarchy and has developed his or her fullest potential in life

42
Q

Behaviorism

A

focuses on behaviors and what one can do externally to bring about behavior changes

43
Q

Who developed Client-centered therapy?

A

Carl Rodgers

First one

44
Q

Existential Theory

A

Deviations occur when person is out of touch with self or environment
Goal to return person to authentic sense of self

45
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

focus on immediate thought processing

Used by most existential therapy

46
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A

Fredrick Peris
Emphases on self awareness
Identification on thoughts and feelings in the here and now

47
Q

Reality Therapy

A

William Glasser

focus on person’s behavior and how that behavior keeps a person from achieving life goals

48
Q

Four Stages of Crisis

A
  • Exposure to stressure
  • Increased anxiety when usual coping ineffective
  • Increased efforts to cope
  • Disequilibrium, significant distress
49
Q

Categories of Crisis

A

Maturation (developmental) Crisis
Situational Crisis
Adventitious (social) Crisis

50
Q

Maturational/Developmental Crisis

A

normal predictable life events

51
Q

Situational Crisis

A

unanticipated or sudden events

52
Q

Adventitious/Social Crisis

A

natural disasters, floods, earthquakes

53
Q

How long does a short term crisis last?

A

4-6 weeks

54
Q

What are some outcomes of a crisis?

A

resolution to functioning at precise level, higher level, or lower level

55
Q

Community Mental Health Treatment

A

clients continue to work and are able to stay connected with friends, family, and other support systems

56
Q

Direct Interventions

A

assess health status, promote problem solving

57
Q

Supportive Interventions

A

deal with a person’s needs for empathetic understanding

58
Q

What is the last resort for treatment?

A

Hospitalization

59
Q

Hospital (inpatient) Treatment Indications

A

severe depression/suicidal
severe psychosis
alcohol or drug withdrawal
behaviors requiring close supervision in a safe, supportive environment

60
Q

Individual Psychotherapy

A

bringing about change in a person by exploring his or her feelings, attitudes, thinking, and behavior
-one-on-one

61
Q

Group and Group Therapy

A

Therapist or leader and group of clients sharing common purpose

62
Q

Formal Leader

A

usually for therapy or education groups

63
Q

Informal Leader

A

usually for support or self-help groups

64
Q

Psychiatric Rehabilitation

A

services to patients with persistent, severe mental illness in the community
-community support services/programs

Nursing (21 decks)

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