Psychosocial Theories and Therapies Flashcards by Savannah Moss

Who developed the Psychoanalytic theory?

Sigmund Freud

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Psychoanalytic Theory

Believes all human behavior is caused and can be explained

-Repressed sexual impulses, desires as motivation for behavior

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What are the three personality components developed by Freud?

Id
Ego
Superego

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Innate desires
Pleasure seeking
Aggression
Sexual impulses

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Ego

Balancing/mediating force b/t in the Id and Superego

Mature adaptive behavior

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Superego

Moral and ethical values

Parental

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Ego Defense Mechanisms

methods of attempting to protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings, or events

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Compensation

overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area

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Denial

failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition; failure to admit the reality of a situation

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Displacement

ventilation of intense feelings towards persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings

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Identification

modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal

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Intellectualization

Separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved; acknowledging the facts and not the emotions

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Projection

unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object

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Rationalization

Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect

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Regression

moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met

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Repression

Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness

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What are the Psychosexual stages of development?

Oral
Anal
Phallic/oedipal
Latency
Genital

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Transference

when the client displaces into the therapist attitudes and feelings that the client originally experienced in other relationships

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Countertransference

Occurs when the therapist displaces onto the client attitudes or feelings from his or her past

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Psychoanalysis

focus on discovering causes of patient’s unconscious, repressed thoughts, feelings, conflicts, related to anxiety
-dream analysis

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Who came up with the 8 stages of psychosocial development?

Erik Erikson

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Trust vs Mistrust (infant)

Hope
viewing the world as safe and reliable
relationships nurturing, stable, and dependable

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Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (toddler)

Will

Achieving a sense of control and free will

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Initiative vs Guilt (preschool)

Purpose
Beginning development of conscience
Learning to manage conflict and anxiety

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Industry vs Inferiority (school age)

Competence Emerging confidence in own abilities Taking pleasure in accomplishments

Identity vs Role Confusion (adolescence)

Fidelity | Formulating sense of self and belonging

Intimacy vs Isolation (young adult)

Love | Forming adult, loving relationships and meaningful attachments to others

Generativity vs stagnation (middle adult)

Care | Being creative and productive; establishing the next generation

Ego Integrity vs Despair (maturity)

Wisdom | Accepting responsibility for one's self and life

Jean Piaget's four stages of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operations Formal Operations

Who developed the theory of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship?

Hildegard Peplau

Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship Four Stages

Orientation Phase Identification Phase Exploitation Phase Resolution Phase

Roles of the Nurse in Therapeutic Relationships

``` Stranger Resource Teacher Leader Surrogate Counselor ```

Four Levels of Anxiety

Mild Moderate Severe Panic

Mild Anxiety

positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems

Moderate Anxiety

decreased perceptual field; focused on immediate task only; person can learn new behavior and solve problems only with assistance

Severe Anxiety

involves feelings of dread or terror; can not be redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiological symptoms

Panic Anxiety

involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness

Who developed the Hierarchy of Needs?

Abraham Maslow

Hierarchy of Needs (bottom to top)

- Physiological needs (food, water, sleep, etc.) - Safety and Security (protection, freedom) - Love and Belonging (relationships) - Esteem needs (self-respect and esteem from others) - Self-actualization

Self-actualization

a person who has achieved all the needs in the hierarchy and has developed his or her fullest potential in life

Behaviorism

focuses on behaviors and what one can do externally to bring about behavior changes

Who developed Client-centered therapy?

Carl Rodgers | First one

Existential Theory

Deviations occur when person is out of touch with self or environment Goal to return person to authentic sense of self

Cognitive Therapy

focus on immediate thought processing | Used by most existential therapy

Gestalt Therapy

Fredrick Peris Emphases on self awareness Identification on thoughts and feelings in the here and now

Reality Therapy

William Glasser | focus on person's behavior and how that behavior keeps a person from achieving life goals

Four Stages of Crisis

- Exposure to stressure - Increased anxiety when usual coping ineffective - Increased efforts to cope - Disequilibrium, significant distress

Categories of Crisis

Maturation (developmental) Crisis Situational Crisis Adventitious (social) Crisis

Maturational/Developmental Crisis

normal predictable life events

Situational Crisis

unanticipated or sudden events

Adventitious/Social Crisis

natural disasters, floods, earthquakes

How long does a short term crisis last?

4-6 weeks

What are some outcomes of a crisis?

resolution to functioning at precise level, higher level, or lower level

Community Mental Health Treatment

clients continue to work and are able to stay connected with friends, family, and other support systems

Direct Interventions

assess health status, promote problem solving

Supportive Interventions

deal with a person's needs for empathetic understanding

What is the last resort for treatment?

Hospitalization

Hospital (inpatient) Treatment Indications

severe depression/suicidal severe psychosis alcohol or drug withdrawal behaviors requiring close supervision in a safe, supportive environment

Individual Psychotherapy

bringing about change in a person by exploring his or her feelings, attitudes, thinking, and behavior -one-on-one

Group and Group Therapy

Therapist or leader and group of clients sharing common purpose

Formal Leader

usually for therapy or education groups

Informal Leader

usually for support or self-help groups

Psychiatric Rehabilitation

services to patients with persistent, severe mental illness in the community -community support services/programs