Schema theory Flashcards
1
Q
what is visual schema
A
- a set of rules determine which category a new set of visual stimuli should be classified into
- stereotypes
- classifying a dog as a “dog” without having ever seen that particular dog before
2
Q
what are the two states of memory in adam’s theory
A
- Memory trace: initiates a movement and its initial trajectory
- Perceptual trace: guides the limb to the correct location through the movement
- perceptual trace is then compared with feedback to make adjustments to correct the limb position
- accuracy of movement improves the strengthening perceptual trace by exposure to feedback and KR
3
Q
is adams theory open or closed loop
A
closed loop
4
Q
limitations of adams theory
A
- storage problem
- store a motor program for every single movement - Novelty problem
- how do you learn a new skill if you have never performed it
5
Q
schema theory of discrete motor skills
A
attempts to explain how we learn -discrete perceptual motor skills
- focuses on the development of motor programs and their response specifications
- 3 things required to perform a skill:
1. Generalized motor program
2. Recall schema
3. Recognition schema
6
Q
recall schema
A
- engaged BEFORE deciding on a movement response
- assesses initial conditions and response specifications to determine GMP
7
Q
GMP
A
- pre-structured commands for a number of movements if the specific response specifications are provided
- parameters that can be varied before the movement begins
8
Q
recognition schema
A
- evaluates the movement from sensory info
- expected proprioceptive feedback
- anticipated exteroceptive feedback
- used during and after the movement response
- expected sensory consequences are compared to the actual sensory consequences of the ongoing movement to evaluate efficiency of response
9
Q
what is error labeling
A
comparing actual and expected sensory consequences
10
Q
two ways for error labeling
A
- KR: more accurate at updating our recall schema
- Subjective reinforcement: used in absence of KR
goal: to update our recall schema and help minimize errors
- error labeling system: a schema for labeling sensory signals
11
Q
steps to producing a movement
A
- Response specifications are selected
- Simultaneously expected feedback is selected
- the movement can now be initiated - Error is fed back to the schema
- KR is fed back to the schema
- learning is possible by feeding back the essential error info to the schemata
12
Q
what was the activity for schema
A
- beer pong
- throwing a ping pong ball is a discrete action
- it require the use of recall and recognition schema for each successive attempt
- its measurable
13
Q
where are we know with schema theory
A
- 44-year-old theory, that is still on of the most influential theories in motor learning, behavior and control
- dubbed a citation classic in 1994
- appealed to more than just scientists in traditional motor learning
- researchers are calling on a new theory to be developed
14
Q
support for schema
A
- the generalized motor program is still widely used term and the restrained arm experiment supports the idea of GMP
- error labelling system supported by Newell and Boucher
- recall schema supported by being able to accurately write out your signature small or large
15
Q
a contending theory to schema
A
- dynamic systems theory
- movement behavior is the result of complex interactions between many different subsystems in the body, the task at hand and the environment
