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anatomy - physio > scapular region & the shoulder joint > Flashcards

scapular region & the shoulder joint Flashcards

1
Q

what is the clavicle?

A
  • an s shaped bone that rests on the sternum across the upper part of the ribcage and the acromial end of the scapula
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2
Q

what is the costal tuberosity?

A
  • located at the sternal end of the clavicle
  • broad surface
  • where the costoclavicular ligament attaches
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3
Q

what is the conoid tubercle?

A
  • found closer to the acromial end of the clavicle
  • coracoclavicular ligament joins
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4
Q

is the inferior or superior surface of the clavicle smooth ?

A

the superior surface - facing upwards

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5
Q

what 3 bones make up the ‘shoulder girdle’?

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • proximal end of the humerus
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6
Q

what is the scapula also called?

A

the shoulder blade

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7
Q

what 2 important bones does the scapula articulae with and as a result what joints are formed?

A
  • humerus - glenohumeral joint / shoulder joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
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8
Q

what are important features of the scapula in an anterior and posterior view?

A

anterior
* coracoid process - pec minor attaches here
* glenoid cavity
* lateral border, medial boarder, superior border
* acromion
* subscapular fossa
posterior view
* spine of scapula
* supraspinous fossa
* infraspinous fossa
*

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9
Q

what are important features on humerus (anterior) ?

A

Anterior view
* head of humerus
* **greater tubercle
* lesser tubercle **
* intertubercular groove
* **anatomical **neck
* surgical neck
* **deltoid tuberosity **- where deltoid muscle attache

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10
Q

what are important features of the humerus (posterior)?

A

posterior view
* radial groove
* olecranon fossa

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11
Q

what muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus?

SIT

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
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12
Q

Describe the sternoclavicular joint

A
  • atypical synovial joint - it contains fibrocartilage on articular surfaces
  • only bony articulation between the upper limb and axial skeleton
  • connects the sternum and clavicle
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13
Q

Describe the **acromioclavicular joint **

A
  • atypical synovial joint - fibrocartilage on articular surfaces (and not hyaline like normal)
  • articulation between the clavicle and the scapula
  • multi axial joint
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14
Q

describe the** coracoclavicular joint **

A
  • extends between the acromial end of the clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula
  • it has 2 parts - a conoid and trapezoid part
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15
Q

what is the trapezius muscle?

A
  • large triangular diamond shaped muscle at the posterior aspect of the neck and thorax
  • extrinsic muscle of the back
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16
Q

what are the origins and insertions of the trapezius muscle?

A
  • O: external occipital protuberance to T12 vertebrae,
  • I: lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
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17
Q

what are the actions of the trapezius on the scapula and the shoulder joint?

A
  • scapula - elevation retraction and lateral rotation
  • shoulder joint - abduction - past 90 degrees, it helps to laterally rotate the scapula
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17
Q

where does the levator scapulae originate and insert onto?

A
  • O: C1-C4 vetrebrae (traneverse processes)
  • I: superior angle of scapula
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18
Q

where does the rhomboid minor muscle originate and attach onto?

A
  • O : C7 & T1 vertebrae
  • I: medial scapula
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19
Q

where does the rhomboid major muscle originate and attach onto?

A
  • O: T2-T5 vertebrae
  • I: medial scapula
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20
Q

what are actions of levator scapulae, rhomboid maj and minor muscles?

A
  • to retract and medially rotate scapula
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21
Q

what muscles protact the scapula (ie push forward like pushing against a wall)?

A
  • serratus anterior
  • pec minor
22
Q

what muscles retract or pull back the scapula?

A
  • trapezius
  • rhomboids
23
Q

what muscles elevate the scapula?

shrug

A
  • trapezius
  • levator scapulae
24
Q

what muscles depress the scapula?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
25
Q

what muscles laterally rotate the scapula?

A
  • trapezius
  • serratus anterior
26
Q

what muscles medially rotate the scapula?

A
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids
27
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

SSIT

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • subscapularis
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
28
Q

where does the deltoid muscle originate and insert onto?

A
  • O: lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
  • I: deltoid tuberosity
29
Q

what nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

the axillary nerve

30
Q

what are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

and posterior vs anterior fibres

A
  • abduction
  • posterior fibres extend arm
  • anterior fibres flex arm
31
Q

where does the** teres major **originate and insert onto?

A
  • O: inferior angle of scapula and lower medial border
  • I: intertubercular groove
32
Q

what nerve innervates the teres major muscle?

A

lower subscapular nerve

33
Q

what are the actions of the teres major muscle?

A
  • adduction of the arm
  • medial rotation of the arm
34
Q

where does the supraspinatus muscle originate and insert onto?

A
  • O: supraspinous fossa
  • I: greater tuberosity of humerus
35
Q

what nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

A

suprascapular nerve

36
Q

what is the main action of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

abduction of the arm

37
Q

where does the infraspinatus muscle originate and insert onto?

A
  • O: infraspinous fossa
  • I: greater tuberosity/ tubercle of humerus
38
Q

what** nerve** innervates the** infraspinatus muscle** and what is the** muscles main actions?**

A
  • nerve - suprascapular nerve
  • actions : adduction, lateral rotation & stabilisation
39
Q

where does teres minor muscle originate and insert onto?

A
  • O: lateral scapula
  • I: greater tubercle / tuberosity of humerus
40
Q

what nerve innervates the teres minor muscle?

A

axillary nerve

41
Q

what are the main actions of the teres minor muscle?

A
  • adduction
  • lateral rotation
  • stabilisation
42
Q

where does the subscapularis originate and insert onto?

A
  • O: subscapular fossa
  • I: lesser tuberosity of humerus
43
Q

what nerves innervate the subscapularis muscle?

A
  • upper and lower subscapular nerves
44
Q

what type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

synovial ball and socket

45
Q

what are the articulating surfaces of the shoulder joint

A
  • head of humerus (convex) - this is the moving part
  • glenoid cavity & labrum (concave)
46
Q

what are the main supporting ligaments of the shoulder joint?

A
  • sup, middle and inf glenohumeral ligaments
  • coracohumeral ligament
  • transverse humeral ligament
47
Q

what is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

A
  • prevents excessive external rotation of the humerus
48
Q

what are the 3 bursae of the shoulder joint?

A

* subacromial bursa
* infraspinatus bursa
* subscapularis bursa

49
Q

due to the shoulders high mobility, what can be a problem?

A
  • the shoulder is not a stable joint
  • there is a poor fit between bones - ie the head of humerus is 4 times larger than the glenoid cavity - ie they are incongruent
49
Q

what is the most common type of dislocation of the shoulder?

A
  • anteroinferior dislocation
  • prominent acromion
50
Q

what is suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome?

A
  • supraspinatus weakness - difficulty or inability to abduct first 10%
51
Q

how can rotator cuff injuries occur?

A
  • wear and tear over time
  • overhead motions

anatomy - physio (17 decks)

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