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anatomy - physio > Gluteal region & posterior compartment of the thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal region & posterior compartment of the thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what are the important ‘landmarks’ of the ilium bone?

A

-ASIS (anterior superior)
-AIIS (anterior inferior)
-PSIS
-PIIS
-iliac crest
-gluteal lines - posterior, anterior and inferior

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2
Q

what are the main landmarks of the pubis bone?

A
  • the pubic symphysis
    -the superior ramus and inferior ramus
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3
Q

what are the main landmarks of the ischium?

A

-the ischial tuberosity and spine
-greater sciatic notch
-lesser sciatic notch

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4
Q

what is the difference between the intertrochanteric line and the intertrochanteric crest?

A

-intertrochanteric line marks the boundary between the femoral neck and the shaft ANTERIOLY
-the intertrochanteric crest marks the same boundary but POSTERIORLY

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5
Q

what are the 3 gluteus muscles?

A

-gluteus maximus
-gluteus minimus
-gluteus medius

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6
Q

what are the deep rotator muscles in the gluteal region?

A
  • the piriformis
    -the obturator internus
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7
Q

where is the gluteal region located?

A
  • behind the pelvis and between the iliac crest and the gluteal fold
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8
Q

describe the origin and insertion of the gluteus maximus

A

-it originates on the ilium (posterior to the posterior gluteal line), the sacrum and the sacrotuberous ligament
- 3/4 of the GM inserts onto the iliotibial tract and 1/4 inserts itself onto the gluteal tuberosity (femur)

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9
Q

what are the main actions / functions of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • hip extension (lying on belly and lifting leg up)
    -lateral rotation
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10
Q

what nerve is the gluteus maximus innervated by?

A

the inferior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the gluteus medius?

A

-originates from the posterior and anterior gluteal lines
-inserts onto the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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12
Q

what is the origin and the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

A

-originates from the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
-inserts onto the gluteal tuberosity (femur)

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13
Q

what nerve innervates both the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

the superior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

what are the main actions of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A
  • hip abduction & medial rotation
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15
Q

Describe the trendelenburg gait

A
  • it is an abnormal gait
  • results from weakness of the abductor muscles (glut min and med) which causes the drooping of the pelvis to the contralateral side while walking
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16
Q

where does the piriformis muscle originate from and where does it insert onto?

A
  • originates from the anterior sacrum
    -exits the greater sciatic foramen
    -inserts into the greater trochanter
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17
Q

what are the main actions of the piriformis muscle?

A

-lateral rotation
-acts to stabilise the hip joint

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18
Q

why is the piriformis muscle an important landmark?

A
  • as various other structures exit the greater sciatic foramen above or below the piriformis muscle
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19
Q

where does the obturator internus muscle originate and insert onto?

A
  • originates from the internal aspect of the obturator membrane
    -exits the lesser sciatic foramen
    -inserts into the greater trochanter (of femur)
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20
Q

what are the main actions / functions of the obturator internus muscle?

A
  • lateral rotation
    -stabilises the hip joint
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21
Q

where does the sciatic nerve originate from?

A

the sacral plexus

22
Q

what nerve innervates the piriformis muscle?

A

nerve to piriformis

23
Q

what nerve innervates the obturator internus muscle?

A

nerve to obturator internus

24
Q

what is the motor function of the sciatic nerve?

A
  • provides a direct motor supply for the muscles of the posterior thigh via small muscular branches
25
Q

what other nerves does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A
  • the tibial nerve - provides motor supply to the posterior portion of leg and foot
  • the common perineal nerve - supplies motor function to the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg
26
Q

how does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis?

A
  • through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis
27
Q

what is the sacral plexus?

A

a nerve network composed of the **anterior rami of the spinal nerves L4-L5 **(lumbosacral trunk) and spinal nerves S1-S3

28
Q

what are examples of branches of the sacral plexus that are associated with the posterior region of the thigh?

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
    -inferior gluteal nerve
    -posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
    -nerves to the obturator internus and the quadrates femoris
    -pudenal nerve
29
Q

what muscles does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A
  • gluteus medius and minimus
  • tensor fascia lata
30
Q

what muscle does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

A

the gluteus maximus

31
Q

what is the pudenal nerve?

A

a mixed nerve in charge of the motor and sensory supply of the perineum and external genitalia in both sexes

32
Q

how does the superior gluteal nerve exit the pelvis?

A

through the greater sciatic foramen, above the piriformis muscle

33
Q

where does the pudenal nerve exit and enter?

A
  • enter lesser sciatic foramen
    -exits the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle
34
Q

how does the inferior gluteal nerve exit the pelvis?

A
  • through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis
35
Q

what are the branches of the internal iliac vessel?

A

-the superior gluteal (vein and artery)
-the inferior gluteal (vein and artery)

36
Q

what are the boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • the greater sciatic notch
    -the sacrospinous & sacrotuberous ligaments
37
Q

what are the main structures in the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • piriformis muscle
    -sciatic nerve
    -superior & inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
    -pudenal nerve
    -posterior cuteanous nerve of the thigh
38
Q

what are the 3 hamstring muscles ?

A

-semitendinosis
-semimembranosis
-long head of biceps femoris

39
Q

where does the semitendinosis muscle originate and insert onto?

A
  • originates from the ischial tuberosity
    -attaches onto the pes anserinus (goose foot on tibia)
40
Q

describe how the semitendinosis muscle is superiorly and inferiorly?

A
  • muscular superiorly
    -tendinous inferiorly
41
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosis muscle?

A
  • originates from the ischial tuberosity
    -attaches onto the superomedial tibia
42
Q

describe how the semimembranosis muscle is superiorly and inferiorly

A

-membranous superiorly
-muscular inferiorly

43
Q

what are the medial hamstring muscles?

A
  • the semitendinosis and the semimembranosis
44
Q

what is the lateral hamstring muscle?

A
  • the biceps femoris
45
Q

what are the functions of the medial muscles of the hamstring (semitendinosis and semimembranosis)?

A
  • to extend hip
    -flex and rotate knee
46
Q

where does the long head and short head originate from?

A
  • long head originates from the ischial tuberosity
    -short head originates from the lines aspera of femur
47
Q

where do both heads of the biceps femoris insert onto?

A
  • the head of the fibula
48
Q

what are the functions of the biceps femoris muscle?

A
  • to extend the hip
    -flex and rotate knee
49
Q

what branch of the sciatic nerve supplies the hamstring muscles except for the short head of the bicep femoris muscle?

A

the tibial nerve

50
Q

what branch of the sciatic nerve supplies the short head of the biceps femoris muscle?

A

common peroneal/ fibular nerve

anatomy - physio (17 decks)

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