femoral, medial regions of the thigh

Question 1

what are the regions of the lower limb?

Answer 1

-gluteal region
-anterior thigh
-posterior thigh
-leg
-foot

Question 2

what are the main bones of the lower limb?

Answer 2

-pelvis
-hip
-femur
-patella or knee cap
-tibia
-fibula
-bones of the foot

Question 3

what are the 3 bones of the hip (that are fused in an adult)?

Answer 3

-ilium
-ischium
-pubis

Question 4

what are examples of important landmarks on the pelvis?

Answer 4

-anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
-posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
-pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis (cartilaginous joint)
-iliac crest - along the ilium of hip
-inguinal ligament

Question 5

what is the sacro-iliac joint?

Answer 5

-a synovial joint formed between the ilium and the sacrum
- this joint connects the hip bones posterolaterally

Question 6

how does the pubic symphysis connect the 2 hip bones?

Answer 6

connects them anteriorly

Question 7

what are the 3 sari-iliac ligaments?

Answer 7

-anterior sacroiliac ligament
-posterior sacroiliac ligament
-interosseus sacroiliac ligament

Question 8

describe the osteology of the proximal end of the femur

Answer 8

-head of femur (inserts into acetabulum of the pelvis to form ball and socket joint)
-neck of femur
-greater trochanter- prominence of bone
-lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
-fovea on head (attachment for ligament)

Question 9

what is the intertrochanteric crest?

Answer 9

• a pronounced ridge on the posterior surface of the femur

Question 10

what does the term tuberosity mean?

Answer 10

a moderate prominence where muscles and connective tissues can attach

Question 11

what is the linea aspera?

Answer 11

a longitudinally orientated ridge located on the posterior surface of the femur - which several muscles of the thigh attach to

Question 12

What are landmarks of the distal end of the femur?

Answer 12

• lateral and medial condyles
  -intercondylar fossa
  -patellar surface
  -medial and lateral epicondyle

Question 13

what is a condyle?

Answer 13

a rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone

Question 14

what is the tibia?

Answer 14

-the shin bone, found medial to the fibula
-has 3 parts - proximal, shaft and distal

Question 15

what is the fibula?

Answer 15

slender leg bone that is located on the posterior portion of the limb

Question 16

what is the fascia lata?

Answer 16

the deep fascia of the thigh - envelopes the thigh like a sleeve

Question 17

what is the iliotibial tract?

Answer 17

thick band of fascia lata that runs along the lateral part of the thigh
- encloses 2 muscles gluteus maximus muscles and the tensor fasciae muscles

Question 18

What is the great/long saphenous vein?

Answer 18

-largest vein in the body
-starts in the medial margin of the foot
-runs along the length of the lower limb - posterior to the medial border of the patella
-runs up to the saphenous opening and empties into the femoral vein

Question 19

what is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 19

• a ligament that runs from the ASIS of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone
  -forms one of the boundaries of the femoral triangle

Question 20

what are varicose veins?

Answer 20

swollen and enlarged veins that are visible underneath the skin - usually occurs on the legs and feet

Question 21

what is the femoral triangle?

Answer 21

a wedge shaped area formed by a depression of the muscles of the thigh

Question 22

what are the borders of the femoral triangle? remember SAIL

Answer 22

-Sartorius muscle (lateral border)
-adductor longus (medial border)
- inguinal ligament - superior border
-fascia lata forms the roof

Question 23

what are the contents in the femoral triangle? NAVEL

Answer 23

-femoral nerve is the most lateral of the contents
-femoral artery
-femoral vein - medial
-femoral canal (empty space0
- lymphatics

Question 24

what is the sartorius muscle?

Answer 24

a thin, long superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh

Question 25

what is the femoral sheath?

Answer 25

the contents of the femoral triangle are enclosed in fascia called the femoral sheath

Question 26

what is the femoral canal?

Answer 26

a medial compartment of the femoral sheath which contains lymphatic vessels

Question 27

what is the femoral ring?

Answer 27

- the proximal opening of the femoral canal -bound by the inguinal ligament anteriorly, pectineal ligament posteriorly, femoral vein laterally

Question 28

what are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?

Answer 28

-rectus femoris -vastus lateralis -vastus medilalis -vastus intermedius

Question 29

where do the quadriceps femurs run to?

Answer 29

the patella, patellar ligament and the tibial tubercle

Question 30

what is the main function of the 4 quad muscles?

Answer 30

to extend the knee and flex the hip

Question 31

where is the origin and insertion of the sartorial muscle?

Answer 31

- attachment - ASIS -insertion - Pes Anserinus (medial tibia)

Question 32

what movements does the sartorius muscle carry out?

Answer 32

- flexes hip -flexes knee -laterally rotates femur

Question 33

what nerve is the sartorius muscle innervated by?

Answer 33

the femoral nerve

Question 34

what is the iliopsoas muscle and what is it's action?

Answer 34

muscle of the inner hip action - hip flexion and internal/medial rotation

Question 35

what is the tensor fascia latae?

Answer 35

muscle at the proximal anterolateral thigh that lies between the superficial and deep fibres of the iliotibial band / tract

Question 36

what muscles does the femoral nerve supply motor function to?

Answer 36

-quadriceps femoris - all 4 -sartorius muscle -iliacus muscle

Question 37

what nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 37

superior gluteal nerve

Question 38

what parts of the body does the femoral nerve supply sensory info to?

Answer 38

- anterior cutaneous to thigh

Question 39

what are the adductor muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 39

- adductor magnus -adductor longus -adductor brevis -adductor gracilis

Question 40

where does the adductor Magnus originate and insert?

Answer 40

- originates from the ischiopubic ramus -attaches onto the line aspera

Question 41

what movements does the adductor Magnus muscle carry out?

Answer 41

-adduction -medial rotation

Question 42

what is the origin and insertion of the adductor longus muscle?

Answer 42

- originates from the pubis bone -attaches onto the line aspera

Question 43

what movements does the adductor longus muscle carry out?

Answer 43

- adduction -medial rotation

Question 44

what is the insertion and origin of the adductor braves muscle?

Answer 44

- origin - pubis bone -insertion - linea aspera

Question 45

what movements does the adductor braves muscle carry out?

Answer 45

- adduction and medial rotation

Question 46

what is the pectineus muscle?

Answer 46

a flat quadranglar muscle situated in the upper portion of the thigh

Question 47

what movements does the pectineus muscle carry out?

Answer 47

- adduction