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anatomy - physio > femoral, medial regions of the thigh > Flashcards

femoral, medial regions of the thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what are the regions of the lower limb?

A

-gluteal region
-anterior thigh
-posterior thigh
-leg
-foot

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2
Q

what are the main bones of the lower limb?

A

-pelvis
-hip
-femur
-patella or knee cap
-tibia
-fibula
-bones of the foot

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3
Q

what are the 3 bones of the hip (that are fused in an adult)?

A

-ilium
-ischium
-pubis

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4
Q

what are examples of important landmarks on the pelvis?

A

-anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
-posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
-pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis (cartilaginous joint)
-iliac crest - along the ilium of hip
-inguinal ligament

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5
Q

what is the sacro-iliac joint?

A

-a synovial joint formed between the ilium and the sacrum
- this joint connects the hip bones posterolaterally

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6
Q

how does the pubic symphysis connect the 2 hip bones?

A

connects them anteriorly

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7
Q

what are the 3 sari-iliac ligaments?

A

-anterior sacroiliac ligament
-posterior sacroiliac ligament
-interosseus sacroiliac ligament

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8
Q

describe the osteology of the proximal end of the femur

A

-head of femur (inserts into acetabulum of the pelvis to form ball and socket joint)
-neck of femur
-greater trochanter- prominence of bone
-lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
-fovea on head (attachment for ligament)

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9
Q

what is the intertrochanteric crest?

A
  • a pronounced ridge on the posterior surface of the femur
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10
Q

what does the term tuberosity mean?

A

a moderate prominence where muscles and connective tissues can attach

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11
Q

what is the linea aspera?

A

a longitudinally orientated ridge located on the posterior surface of the femur - which several muscles of the thigh attach to

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12
Q

What are landmarks of the distal end of the femur?

A
  • lateral and medial condyles
    -intercondylar fossa
    -patellar surface
    -medial and lateral epicondyle
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13
Q

what is a condyle?

A

a rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone

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14
Q

what is the tibia?

A

-the shin bone, found medial to the fibula
-has 3 parts - proximal, shaft and distal

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15
Q

what is the fibula?

A

slender leg bone that is located on the posterior portion of the limb

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16
Q

what is the fascia lata?

A

the deep fascia of the thigh - envelopes the thigh like a sleeve

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17
Q

what is the iliotibial tract?

A

thick band of fascia lata that runs along the lateral part of the thigh
- encloses 2 muscles gluteus maximus muscles and the tensor fasciae muscles

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18
Q

What is the great/long saphenous vein?

A

-largest vein in the body
-starts in the medial margin of the foot
-runs along the length of the lower limb - posterior to the medial border of the patella
-runs up to the saphenous opening and empties into the femoral vein

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19
Q

what is the inguinal ligament?

A
  • a ligament that runs from the ASIS of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone
    -forms one of the boundaries of the femoral triangle
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20
Q

what are varicose veins?

A

swollen and enlarged veins that are visible underneath the skin - usually occurs on the legs and feet

21
Q

what is the femoral triangle?

A

a wedge shaped area formed by a depression of the muscles of the thigh

22
Q

what are the borders of the femoral triangle? remember SAIL

A

-Sartorius muscle (lateral border)
-adductor longus (medial border)
- inguinal ligament - superior border
-fascia lata forms the roof

23
Q

what are the contents in the femoral triangle? NAVEL

A

-femoral nerve is the most lateral of the contents
-femoral artery
-femoral vein - medial
-femoral canal (empty space0
- lymphatics

24
Q

what is the sartorius muscle?

A

a thin, long superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh

25
Q

what is the femoral sheath?

A

the contents of the femoral triangle are enclosed in fascia called the femoral sheath

26
Q

what is the femoral canal?

A

a medial compartment of the femoral sheath which contains lymphatic vessels

27
Q

what is the femoral ring?

A
  • the proximal opening of the femoral canal
    -bound by the inguinal ligament anteriorly, pectineal ligament posteriorly, femoral vein laterally
28
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?

A

-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medilalis
-vastus intermedius

29
Q

where do the quadriceps femurs run to?

A

the patella, patellar ligament and the tibial tubercle

30
Q

what is the main function of the 4 quad muscles?

A

to extend the knee and flex the hip

31
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the sartorial muscle?

A
  • attachment - ASIS
    -insertion - Pes Anserinus (medial tibia)
32
Q

what movements does the sartorius muscle carry out?

A
  • flexes hip
    -flexes knee
    -laterally rotates femur
33
Q

what nerve is the sartorius muscle innervated by?

A

the femoral nerve

34
Q

what is the iliopsoas muscle and what is it’s action?

A

muscle of the inner hip
action - hip flexion and internal/medial rotation

35
Q

what is the tensor fascia latae?

A

muscle at the proximal anterolateral thigh that lies between the superficial and deep fibres of the iliotibial band / tract

36
Q

what muscles does the femoral nerve supply motor function to?

A

-quadriceps femoris - all 4
-sartorius muscle
-iliacus muscle

37
Q

what nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata?

A

superior gluteal nerve

38
Q

what parts of the body does the femoral nerve supply sensory info to?

A
  • anterior cutaneous to thigh
39
Q

what are the adductor muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  • adductor magnus
    -adductor longus
    -adductor brevis
    -adductor gracilis
40
Q

where does the adductor Magnus originate and insert?

A
  • originates from the ischiopubic ramus
    -attaches onto the line aspera
41
Q

what movements does the adductor Magnus muscle carry out?

A

-adduction
-medial rotation

42
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the adductor longus muscle?

A
  • originates from the pubis bone
    -attaches onto the line aspera
43
Q

what movements does the adductor longus muscle carry out?

A
  • adduction
    -medial rotation
44
Q

what is the insertion and origin of the adductor braves muscle?

A
  • origin - pubis bone
    -insertion - linea aspera
45
Q

what movements does the adductor braves muscle carry out?

A
  • adduction and medial rotation
46
Q

what is the pectineus muscle?

A

a flat quadranglar muscle situated in the upper portion of the thigh

47
Q

what movements does the pectineus muscle carry out?

A
  • adduction
48
Q
A

anatomy - physio (17 decks)

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