Ankle, foot and peripheral pulses Flashcards
what type of joint is the ankle joint?
synovial hinge joint
what are the articulations of the ankle joint?
- inferior tibia and medial maleolus
- lateral maleolus of the fibula
- superior talus bone of foot
what type of cartilage are the articular surfaces of the ankle joint covered by?
hyaline cartilage
is the joint capsule of the ankle weak? If so, what strengthens it?
- yes its weak
- strengthened medially and laterally by string collateral ligaments
what movements occur at the ankle joint?
- dorsiflexion - carried out by muscles in the anterior part of the leg
- plantar flexion - carried out by muscles in posterior comparment - achilles tendon and deep flexor tendons
what are the 2 ligaments that act to stabilise the ankle joint?
- lateral ligament
- medial or deltoid ligament
Describe the** lateral ligament of the ankle**
- composed of **3 seperate ligaments **
- calcanofibular (attached to fiba and calcaneous bone)
- anterior talofibular
- posterior talofibular
which of the** 3 seperate ligaments** of the lateral ankle ligament** is most prone to injury/ to be torn**?
- anterior talofibular
Describe the medial /deltoid ligament
- strong, triangular shaped band that reinforces the medial aspect of the ankle joint
- has a** proximal attachment **on the **apex of the medial malleolus **
- the ligament fans out and inserts itself onto the talus, calcaneous (sustentaculum tali) and the navicular bones
- has 4 parts
what are the 4 parts of the medial ligament of the ankle?
- anterior tibiotalar part
- posterior tibiotalar part
- tibionavicular part
- tibiocalcaneal part
what is the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous bone?
- a bony shelf on the anterior part of the upper margin of the medial surface of the calcaneous bone
Describe the** innervation of the ankle joint**
- the nerve supply of the ankle joint is derived from roots L4-S2 by branches from the deep fibular nerve, as well as the tibial and sural nerves
Describe the** blood supply of the ankle joint**
- recieves arterial blood supply from the anterior and posterior tibial and fibular arteries
- these artries form an anastomosis around the malleoli that give off the anterior medial and lateral malleolar branches to supply the ankle joint
where is the tarsal tunnel located and what is its function?
- located on the medial side of the ankle joint
- blood vessels, nerves and tendons that provide movement and flexibility to the foot travel through this tarsal tunnel
what structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?
Tom, Dick and Very Nervous Harry
- Tibilais posterior tendon
- flexor Digitorum longus tendon
- posterior tibial Vein and artery
- tibial Nerve
- flexor Hallucis longus tendon
how many bones are there in the foot and what are they divided into?
26 bones altogether
* 7 tarsal bones
* 5 metatarsals
* **14 phalanges **
what are the tarsal bones?
Tiger Cubs Need MILC
- Talus
- Calcaneous
- Navicular
- Medial cuniform
- Intermediate cuniform bone
- lateral cuniform
- cuboid
what are the 3 arches in the foot?
- medial longitudinal arch
- lateral longitudinal arch
- transverse arch
what **bones participate in the fomrtaion **of the medial longitudinal arch?
- calcaneous bone
- talus bone
- navicular bone
- the 3 cuniform bones
- first 3 medial metatarsals
what bones form the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?
- calcaneous bone
- cuboid bone
- 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
what bones form the transverse arch of the foot?
- five metatarsal bones
- the cuboid bone
- the cuneiform bones
what** 3 structures **maintain the arches of the foot?
- bones
- ligaments - spring, plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
- muscles - flexor tendons
Describe the spring ligament & its function
what is another name for it? where does it originate and attach
- also called the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- strong ligament from anterior sustentaculum tali to** inferior surface of navicular bone**
- responsible for **maintaining arches of the foot **
