intro to anatomy terminology

Question 1

what are the 2 major anatomical divisions of the body?

Answer 1

1. axial body - ie head, neck and trunk
2. Appendicular body - upper and lower extremities

Question 2

What is the ‘anatomical position’?

Answer 2

• the body is standing in an upright posture
  -the feet are parallel and close
  -arms are by the sides
  -palms of the hands are facing forward

Question 3

define anterior

Answer 3

farther to the front

Question 4

define posterior

Answer 4

farther to the back

Question 5

define medial

Answer 5

closer to the imaginary line that divides the body into left and right halves

Question 6

define lateral

Answer 6

farther from the imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves

Question 7

define superior

Answer 7

above

Question 8

define inferior

Answer 8

below

Question 9

define proximal

Answer 9

towards the body - closer to the trunk or origin of the limb

Question 10

define distal

Answer 10

further away from the trunk or the root of the limb

Question 11

what structures are the terms proximal and distal used for?

Answer 11

for structures that are considered to have a beginning and an end - such as the upper limb, lower limb and blood vessels

Question 12

define ipsilateral

Answer 12

on the same side

Question 13

define contralateral

Answer 13

on opposite sides

Question 14

define superficial

Answer 14

closer to the surface of the body eg epidermis

Question 15

define deep

Answer 15

farther from the surface of the body

Question 16

what is the sagittal plane?

Answer 16

a plane that divides the body into right and left

Question 17

what is the coronal plane?

Answer 17

a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior

Question 18

what is the horizontal plane?

Answer 18

a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior

Question 19

what is flexion?

Answer 19

bending or decreasing joint angle between bones or parts of the body

Question 20

what is extension?

Answer 20

straightening or increasing joint angle between bones or parts of the body

Question 21

what is abduction?

Answer 21

moving away from midline

Question 22

what is adduction?

Answer 22

moving toward midline

Question 23

what is the difference between medial and lateral rotation?

Answer 23

-medial rotation rotates the structure toward the midline
-lateral rotation rotates away from the midline

Question 24

what is right lateral flexion?

Answer 24

movement at a joint that bends a body part to the right side

Question 25

what is left lateral flexion?

Answer 25

body part bends to the left side

Question 26

what is elevation (in terms of movement of the scapulae)?

Answer 26

raising the scapula - ie shrugging

Question 27

what is depression ( in terms of movement of the scapulae)?

Answer 27

lowering the scapula

Question 28

describe protraction vs retraction in terms of movement of the scapulae

Answer 28

-protraction - move scapulae apart
-retraction - move scapulae together

Question 29

what is a supinated position of your hand?

Answer 29

palm facing up

Question 30

what is a pronated position of your hand?

Answer 30

palm faces down

Question 31

define radial deviation

Answer 31

hand toward thumb - ie toward radius side

Question 32

define ulnar deviation

Answer 32

hand toward little finger - ie toward the ulna

Question 33

what is plantar flexion of the foot?

Answer 33

pushing the forward portion of your foot down - ie almost like standing on tippy toes

Question 34

what is dorsiflexion of the foot?

Answer 34

dorsiflexion occurs when you lift the forward position of the foot up- rocking back on your heels

Question 35

describe inversion vs eversion

Answer 35

inversion - lift medial edge of foot
eversion - lift lateral edge of foot

Question 36

what motions take place in the sagittal plane?

Answer 36

• flexion / extension
  dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
  -forward and backward bending

Question 37

what motions take place in the frontal plane?

Answer 37

• abduction/adduction
  -lateral flexion
  -ulnar / radial deviation
  version and inversion

Question 38

what motions take place in the transverse plane?

Answer 38

• internal and external rotation

Question 39

what type of movement does swimming your arms back and forth while walking?

Answer 39

extension and flexion

Question 40

what movement does looking over your shoulders while driving describe?

Answer 40

rotation

Question 41

why is the hip proximal to the knee?

Answer 41

the term proximal means that the body part is closer to the trunk of the body and because the hip lies closer to the axial skeleton (bones in head, neck back and chest ie TRUNK) than the knee does, we can say that the hip is proximal to the knee