intro to anatomy terminology Flashcards
what are the 2 major anatomical divisions of the body?
- axial body - ie head, neck and trunk
- Appendicular body - upper and lower extremities
What is the ‘anatomical position’?
- the body is standing in an upright posture
-the feet are parallel and close
-arms are by the sides
-palms of the hands are facing forward
define anterior
farther to the front
define posterior
farther to the back
define medial
closer to the imaginary line that divides the body into left and right halves
define lateral
farther from the imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves
define superior
above
define inferior
below
define proximal
towards the body - closer to the trunk or origin of the limb
define distal
further away from the trunk or the root of the limb
what structures are the terms proximal and distal used for?
for structures that are considered to have a beginning and an end - such as the upper limb, lower limb and blood vessels
define ipsilateral
on the same side
define contralateral
on opposite sides
define superficial
closer to the surface of the body eg epidermis
define deep
farther from the surface of the body
what is the sagittal plane?
a plane that divides the body into right and left
what is the coronal plane?
a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior
what is the horizontal plane?
a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior
what is flexion?
bending or decreasing joint angle between bones or parts of the body
what is extension?
straightening or increasing joint angle between bones or parts of the body
what is abduction?
moving away from midline
what is adduction?
moving toward midline
what is the difference between medial and lateral rotation?
-medial rotation rotates the structure toward the midline
-lateral rotation rotates away from the midline
what is right lateral flexion?
movement at a joint that bends a body part to the right side
what is left lateral flexion?
body part bends to the left side
what is elevation (in terms of movement of the scapulae)?
raising the scapula - ie shrugging
what is depression ( in terms of movement of the scapulae)?
lowering the scapula
describe protraction vs retraction in terms of movement of the scapulae
-protraction - move scapulae apart
-retraction - move scapulae together
what is a supinated position of your hand?
palm facing up
what is a pronated position of your hand?
palm faces down
define radial deviation
hand toward thumb - ie toward radius side
define ulnar deviation
hand toward little finger - ie toward the ulna
what is plantar flexion of the foot?
pushing the forward portion of your foot down - ie almost like standing on tippy toes
what is dorsiflexion of the foot?
dorsiflexion occurs when you lift the forward position of the foot up- rocking back on your heels
describe inversion vs eversion
inversion - lift medial edge of foot
eversion - lift lateral edge of foot
what motions take place in the sagittal plane?
- flexion / extension
dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
-forward and backward bending
what motions take place in the frontal plane?
- abduction/adduction
-lateral flexion
-ulnar / radial deviation
version and inversion
what motions take place in the transverse plane?
- internal and external rotation
what type of movement does swimming your arms back and forth while walking?
extension and flexion
what movement does looking over your shoulders while driving describe?
rotation
why is the hip proximal to the knee?
the term proximal means that the body part is closer to the trunk of the body and because the hip lies closer to the axial skeleton (bones in head, neck back and chest ie TRUNK) than the knee does, we can say that the hip is proximal to the knee
