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Psychological Assessment > Scales of measurement and describing data > Flashcards

Scales of measurement and describing data Flashcards

1
Q

Collective influence of all the factors on a test score or measurement beyond those specifically measured by the test or measurement

A

Error

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2
Q

Scale of measurement: Classification/categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics (e.g. DSM, Yes/no questions)

A

Nominal scale

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3
Q

Scale of measurement: Imply nothing about how much greater one ranking is than another; no absolute zero point (e.g. Binet intelligence test); cant be averaged

A

Ordinal scale

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4
Q

Scale of measurement: Equal intervals between numbers; no testaker posseses none of the ability or trait being measured; no absolute zero point; can be averaged

A

Interval scale

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5
Q

Scale of measurement: Zero has meaning; assessment in neurological functioning

A

Ratio scale

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6
Q

Scale of measurement that is most frequently used

A

Ordinal scale

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7
Q

A set of test scores arrayed for recording or study

A

distribution

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8
Q

All scores are listed alongside the number of times each score occurred

A

Frequency distribution

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9
Q

3 kinds of graphs for frequency distribution

A

Histogram, bar graph, frequency polygon

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10
Q

Vertical lines drawn at the true limits of each test score (class intervals)

A

Histogram

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11
Q

Continuous line connecting points where test scores or class intervals meet frequencies

A

Frequency polygon

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12
Q

Indicates the average or midmost score between the extreme scores in a distribution

A

Measures of central tendency

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13
Q

Measure of central tendency: appropriate for interval or ratio data

A

mean

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14
Q

Measure of central tendency: Appropriate for ordinal, interval, ratio data

A

median

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15
Q

Measure of central tendency: most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores

A

Mode

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16
Q

Measure of central tendency: only for nominal; useful in analyses of qualititative data or verbal nature; can convey a wealth of info in addition to the mean

A

mode

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17
Q

Indication of how scores in a distribution are scattered or dispersed

A

Variability

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18
Q

Difference between highest and lowest scores;simplest measure of variability

A

Range

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19
Q

Distribution of test scores can be divided into 4 parts

A

Quartile

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20
Q

Difference between q3 and q1

A

interquartile range

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21
Q

interquartile range divided by 2

A

semi-interquartile range

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22
Q

Square root of the average squared deviations about the mean

A

Standard deviation

23
Q

Arithmetic mean of the squares of the differences between the scores in a distribution and their mean; square and sum all deviation scored and divide by total number of scores

A

Variance

24
Q

Indication of how the measurements in a distribution are distributed

A

Skewness

25
Q

Few scores fall at the high end of distribution; exam was too difficult; q3-q2 distance greater than q2-q1

A

Positive Skew

26
Q

Scores fall on the low end of the distribution; test was too easy; q3-q2 distance less than q2-q1

A

Negative skew

27
Q

Steepness of a distribution in its center

A

kurtosis

28
Q

Kurtosis: relatively flat

A

Platykurtic

29
Q

Kurtosis: relatively peaked

A

Leptokurtic

30
Q

Kurtosis: Somewhere in the middle

A

mesokurtic

31
Q

Simplifies rhe interpretation of individual scores on the test; both sides approach x-axis asymptotically

A

The normal curve (laplace-gaussian curve)

32
Q

The first person to refer the normal curve

A

Karl pearson

33
Q

Area on the normal curve between 2 and 3 SD above and below the mean

A

Tail

34
Q

__% all scores occur between the mean and 1SD above the mean

A

34%

35
Q

Approximately % of all scores occur between the mean and + 1SD

A

68%

36
Q

Approximately _% of all scores occur between the mean and +_2SD

A

95%

37
Q

A raw score that has been converted from one scale to another scale

A

Standard score

38
Q

Conversion of a raw score into a number indicating how many SD units the raw score is below or above the mean of a distribution; zero plus,minus scale

A

z-score

39
Q

T in T-score means…

A

Thorndike

40
Q

mean=50; sd=10 ; no scores are negative and used for aptitude tests

A

t-scores

41
Q

Take on whole values from 1-9, which represent a range of performance that is half of a SD in width;Used for achievement tests

A

Stanine

42
Q

mean=100; sd=15

A

deviation IQ

43
Q

1-10 scale; mean=5.5, SD=2; used for personality tests

A

Sten

44
Q

Represent how an individual test taker’s score compares to the scores that are equal or below a certain score within a given sample

A

percentile

45
Q

Retains a direct numerical relationship to the original raw score; magnitude of differences between such standard scores exactly parallels the differences between corresponding raw scores

A

Linear transformation

46
Q

Data not normally distributed yet comparisons with normal distributions need to be made

A

non-linear transformation

47
Q

Normalized standard score scale

A

involves stretching the skewed curve into the shape of a normal curve and creating a corresponding scale of standard scores

48
Q

Also called as maximal performance test

A

Ability test

49
Q

Measure usual or habitual thoughts, feelings and behavior.

A

Typical performance test

50
Q

Compare the relative strength of different characteristics within a test taker and therefore often used “forced choice” test items

A

Ipsative score

51
Q

The more the test taker responds in a particular direction keyed by the test manual as correct or consistent with a particular trait, the higher the test taker is presumed to be on targeted ability of trait

A

cumulative scoring

52
Q

Component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait

A

Error variance

53
Q

Positive skew

A

mean is greater than the median, while median is greater than mode

54
Q

Negative skew

A

mean is lesser than the median while median is lesser than mode

Psychological Assessment (20 decks)

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