Savarese Ch 8: Lower Extremities

Question 1

External rotation of the hip does what to the femoral head?

Answer 1

Anterior glide

Question 2

External rotation of the foot does what to the proximal fibular head?

Answer 2

Moves anterior

distal fibula will be pushed posterior by the talus

Question 3

What is pronation of the foot?

Answer 3

Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction (external rotation)

Question 4

What is supination of the foot?

Answer 4

Plantarflexion, inversion, ADduction (internal rotation)

Question 5

Femoral Nerve:
Composed of:
Motor/sensory innervation:

Answer 5

L2-L4
IN: quads, Iliacus, Sartorius, pectineus
Sen IN: anterior thigh, medial leg

Question 6

Sciatic Nerve:
Composed of:
Course:
Branches:

Answer 6

L4-S3
Courses through the greater sciatic foramen. inferior to the piriformis in 85%
Peroneal and Tibial branches

Question 7

Tibial Nerve:

Innervates:

Answer 7

Motor: most hamstrings, most plantar flexors, toe flexors
Sensory: lower leg and plantar surface of foot

Question 8

Peroneal nerve innervations

Answer 8

Motor: short head of biceps femoris, evertors, dorsiflexors, and most extensors of toes
Sensory: lower leg and dorsum of foot

Question 9

Angulation of the head of the femur

Answer 9

Angle between the neck and shaft of the femur
nml: 120-135
135 = coxa valga

Question 10

Q angle: what is it and what is nml

Answer 10

2 lines: ASIS –> middle of patella and tibial tubercle –> middle of patella.
nml Q angle - 10-12 degrees

Question 11

Increased Q angle

Answer 11

Genu valgum

Patient appears knock-kneed

Question 12

Decreased Q angle

Answer 12

Genu varum

Patient appears bow legged

Question 13

Clinical significance of a posterior fibular head

Answer 13

The common peroneal nerve courses posterior to the fibular head

Question 14

Patello-femoral syndrome:

Answer 14

Caused by a strong vastus lateralis and a weak vastus medialis.
Related to a large Q angle (women = predisposed)

Question 15

Which compartment is most affected in compartment syndrome?

Answer 15

The anterior compartment.

Severe, unrelenting pain during and after exercise - anterior tibilais muscle

Question 16

What makes up O’Donahue’s triad aka Terrible triad:

Answer 16

ACL, MCL and medial meniscus injury

Question 17

The ankle is most stable in _______. So, we see:

Answer 17

Dorsiflexion

80% of ankle sprains occur in plantar flexion

Question 18

What somatic do we most often see in the arches?

Answer 18

The transverse arch (navicular, cuboid, or cuneiforms) –> seen in long distance runners

Question 19

An ankle sprain will most likely injury what?

Answer 19

The lateral stabilizers –> anterior talofibular ligament first
Then Calcaneofibular, followed by posterior talofibular ligament. (type I, II, and III; respectively)

Question 20

Which ligaments prevent excessive supination of the foot?

Answer 20

Lateral stabilizers

Question 21

Which ligaments prevent excessive pronation of the foot?

Answer 21

Medial stabilizer - the deltoid ligament. (very strong - would see fracture of the medial malleolus first)