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Boards: OPP > Savarese Ch 2: Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Savarese Ch 2: Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is atypical about C1?

A

No spinous process

No vertebral body

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2
Q

What is atypical about C2?

A

It has a dens (projects superiorly from vertebral body).

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3
Q

What are 2 things atypical for C2-C6?

A
  1. Bifid spinous processes
  2. Has a foramen transversarium: foramina in the transverse process of C1-6 that allow for the passage of the vertebral artery.
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4
Q

What are articular pillars/lateral masses

A

Portions of bone of the cervical vertebral segments that lie between the superior & inferior facets

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5
Q

Origin/insertion of the Scalenes

A

O: Posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
I: Anterior/middle = Rib 1
Posterior = Rib 2

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6
Q

Action of the scalenes

A

Unilateral contraction: SB neck to the ipsilateral side
Bilateral: neck flexion
In forced inhalation: Anterior/middle= elevate 1st rib
Posterior = elevate 2nd rib.

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7
Q

Location and cause of scalene tenderpoint?

A

posterior to the clavicle at the base of the neck

Cause: 1st/2nd rib inhalation dysfunction

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8
Q

Origin/Insertion of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

A

O: mastoid process & lateral half of the superior nuchal line
I: Medial 1/3 of the clavicle & sternum

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9
Q

Actions of the SCM

A

Unilateral: ipsilateral SB, Contralateral rotation
Bilateral: neck flexion

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10
Q

Muscle effected in torticollis:

A

Sternocleidomastoid –> Shortening/restrictions

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11
Q

What is the alar ligament

A

Extends from the sides of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum.

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12
Q

What is the transverse ligament of the atlas

A

Attaches to the lateral masses of C1 to hold the dens in place.

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13
Q

What are 2 conditions that can weaken/rupture the alar and transverse ligaments?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Down’s Syndrome

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14
Q

What results from weakening/rupture of the alar and transverse ligament of the atlas?

A

Atlanto-axial subluxation –> catastrophic neurological damage.

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of cervical nerve root pressure?

A

Degeneration of the joints of Luschka + hypertrophic arthritis on the intervertebral synovial (facet) joints.

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16
Q

What are uncinated processes?

A

-Superior-lateral projections originating for the posterior-lateral rim of the vertebral bodies of C3-C7.

17
Q

Explain how the 8 cervical nerves exit in relation to the vertebrae

A

First 7: exit ABOVE their corresponding vertebrae

C8: Exit below (Between C7-T1)

18
Q

What nerve roots make up the Brachial Plexus?

A

C5-T1

19
Q

OA: Main motion and SB/rotation relation

A

MM: Flexion/extension

SB/R = Opposite sides

20
Q

AA: Main motion and SB/Rotation relation

A

MM: Rotation

SB/R = Opposite sides

21
Q

C2-C4: Main motion and SB/Rotation relation

A

MM: Rotation

SB/R: Same sides

22
Q

C5-C7: Main motion and SB/Rotation relation

A

MM: Sidebending

SB/R: Same sides

23
Q

Explain the translation/Sidebending relation:

i.e.: Right translation = ____ Sidebending

A

Right translation = Force from Left to Right

Right translation = Left sidebending

24
Q

What is the Dx if the OA is RESTRICTED in right translation in the flexed position?

A

Extended, Side-bent right, rotated left

page 15

25
Q

The OA translates easier to the right. Which sulcus is deep?

A

Right

26
Q

Describe the findings in an AA that is rotated to the RIGHT.

A

Restriction in LEFT rotation

Rotates easier to the right.

27
Q

Describe the Dx of C3 that is restricted in RIGHT translation in the flexed position.

A

C3 Extended, rotated right, sidebent right

28
Q

What is the cause/clinical significance of SUBOCCIPITAL or PARAVERTEBRAL MUSCLE SPASMS?

A

Usually associated with upper thoracic or rib problems on the SAME side.
Treat thoracic area FIRST.

29
Q

Which (2) techniques are best for an ACUTE injury to the cervical spine?

A

Indirect fascial techniques –or–

Counterstrain

30
Q

Pain location/quality in cervical foraminal stenosis?

A

Dull ache, shooting pain, or paresthesias Neck pain radiating into the upper extremity

31
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Cervical foraminal stenosis

A

Increased neck pain with EXTENSION
Postitive Spurlin’s test
Paraspinal muscle spasm
Posterior/anterior cervical tenderpoints

32
Q

Radiological findings associated with CERVICAL FORAMINAL STENOSIS

A

AP/Lat: Osteophyte formation and degenerative joint changes

Oblique: narrowing of the IV foramina

Boards: OPP (13 decks)

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