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Boards: OPP > Savarese Ch 7: Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Savarese Ch 7: Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Name to muscles of the rotator cuff:

A trigger point

A

S: supraspinatus
I: Infraspinatus
T: Teres minor
S: Subscapularis

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2
Q

What is the action of supraspinatus

A

ABduction of the arm

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3
Q

What is the action of infraspinatus

A

External rotation of arm

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4
Q

What is the action of the Teres minor

A

External rotation of the arm

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5
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis

A

Internal rotation of the arm

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6
Q

What is the primary flexor of the shoulder?

A

Deltoid (anterior portion)

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7
Q

What is the primary ABductor of the shoulder?

A

Deltoid (middle portion)

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8
Q

What are the primary extensors of the shoulder?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Teres Major
Deltoid (Posterior portion)

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9
Q

What are the primary ADductors of the shoulder

A

Pectoralis Major

Latissimus dorsi

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10
Q

What are the primary external rotators of the shoulder

A

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

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11
Q

What is the primary internal rotator of the shoulder

A

Subscapularis

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12
Q

Explain why the path of the subclavian artery is clinically significant

A

It passes between the anterior and middle scalenes.
Contracture of these may compromise arterial supply to the arm. (venous drainage not affected b/c the subclavian vein passes anterior to the anterior scalene)

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13
Q

Subclavian artery –> _____ at the _______

A

Subclavian artery –> Axiallary artery at the lateral border of the first rib

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14
Q

Axillary artery –> _____ at the _______

A

Axillary artery –> Brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres minor

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15
Q

What is the first major branch of the brachial artery? Where does it course?

A

Profunda brachial artery

Accompanies the radial nerve in its posterior course of the radial groove.

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16
Q

Brachial artery –> ____________ at _____

A

Brachial artery –> ulnar & radial arteries under the bicipital aponeurosis

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17
Q

Radial artery: supplies ____; Forms ____

A

Supplies: elbow, wrist, dorsal aspect of the hand
Forms: most of the DEEP palmar arterial arch

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18
Q

Ulnar artery: Supplies ____; Forms ____

A

Supplies: elbow, wrist, dorsal aspect of the hand
Forms: Most of the SUPERFICIAL palmar arterial arch

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19
Q

What supplyes the nerves to the Upper extremity (UE)?

A

The brachial plexus

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20
Q

What composes the brachial plexus (general)? (5)

A 
C5-T1
ROOTS exit the spinal cord and form -->
TRUNKS -->
DIVISIONS -->
CORDS -->
BRANCHES
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21
Q

Can you (still) draw the brachial plexus?

A

Picture on pg 60

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22
Q

Which 2 tests/techniques are good screening examinations for gross range of motion of the shoulder?

A
  1. Apley’s Scratch test

2. Spencer Technique: for more accurately testing individual motions of the shoulder

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23
Q

What is the most common somatic dysfunction of the shoulder?

A

Restriction in internal and external rotation

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24
Q

What is the 2nd most common somatic dysfunction of the shoulder?

A

Restriction in ABduction

25
Q

What is the least common somatic dysfunction of the shoulder?

A

Restriction in Extension

26
Q

What is the most common somatic dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Clavicle, anterior and superior on the sternum

27
Q

What 3 ligaments stabilize the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. Acromioclavicular ligament
  2. Coracoacromial
  3. Coracoclavicular
28
Q

What is the most common somatic dysfunction of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Clavicle, superior and lateral on the acromion

29
Q

What is Bicipital tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of the TENDON and ITS SHEATH of the LONG HEAD OF THE BICEPS

30
Q

What causes winging of the scapula?

A

Usually a weakness of the anterior serratus muscle due to a long thoracic nerve injury

31
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne’s palsy?

A

The most common form of brachial plexus injury.

An upper arm paralysis caused by injury to C5 and C6 nerve roots usually during childbirth

32
Q

What is Klympke’s palsy?

A

Due to injury to C8 and T1 - paralysis usually occurs in the intrinsic muscles of the hand.

33
Q

What do you know about radial nerve injury

A

the most common nerve injured in the UE due to direct trauma.
Injured in the spiral groove in humeral fractures.

34
Q

What is Saturday night palsy?

A

Compression of the radial nerve against the humerus

35
Q

Primary flexors of the hand and wrist:
Origin:
innervation:

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humers
IN: most = median nerve

36
Q

Primary extensors of the hand and wrist:
Origin:
Innervation

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
IN: All = radial nerve

37
Q

Primary supinators of the forarm:

Name and innervation

A

Biceps - musculocutaneous nerve

Supinator: radial nerve

38
Q

Primary pronators of the forearm:

Name and innervation

A

Pronator teres AND

Pronator quadratus –> BOTH = median nerve

39
Q

Muscles in the thenar eminence are innervated by the _____

A

Median nerve

EXCEPT ADductor pollicis BREVIS –> Ulnar n

40
Q

Muscles in the hypothenar eminence and interossi are innervated by the ____

A

ulnar nerve

41
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

1st and 2nd = median nerve

3rd and 4th = ulnar nerve

42
Q

What are the normal carrying angles?

A

Men: 5 degrees
Women: 10-12 degrees

43
Q

What is cubitus valgus or abduction of the ulna

A

carrying angle > 15 degrees

44
Q

What is cubitus varus or ADduction of the ulna?

A

Carrying angle < 3 degrres

45
Q

An increase in the carrying angle (ABduction of the ulna) will cause an ______ of the wrist

A

ADduction of the wrist

46
Q

When the forearm is pronated, the radial head will glide ____

A

Posteriorly

47
Q

When the forearm is supinated, the radial head will glide ____

A

Anteriorly

48
Q

Etiology of a posterior radial head:

A

Falling forward on a pronated forearm

49
Q

Etiology of an anterior radial head:

A

Falling backward on a supinated forearm

50
Q

Describe lateral epicondylitis (and its other name)

A

Tennis elbow –> over use of the extensors, which originate from the lateral epicondyle

51
Q

Describe medial epicondylitis (and its other name)

A

Golfer’s elbow –> over use of the flexors, which originate from the medial epicondyle

52
Q

Describe a Swan-neck deformity

A

Flexion contracture of the MCP and DIP
Extension contractor of the PIP
Results from a contracture of the intrinsic muscles of the hand

53
Q

Describe a Boutonniere deformity

A

Extension contractor of the MCP and DIP
Flexion contraction of the PIP
Results from a rupture of the hood of the extensor tendon at the PIP

54
Q

Describe a Claw Hand

A

Extension of MCP
Flexion of PIP and DIP
Results from median and ulnar nerve injury

55
Q

Describe Ape hand

A

Claw hand + wasting of thenar eminence and ADduction of the thumb.
Results from median nerve damage

56
Q

Describe Bishops deformity

A

Contraction of the last 2 digits with atrophy of the hypothenayr eminence
Due to ulnar nerve damage

57
Q

Describe Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Flexion contraction of the MCP and PIP usually seen with contracture of the last 2 digits.
Due to contracture of the palmar fascia

58
Q

Describe Drop-wrist deformity

A

Due to radial nerve damage resulting in paralysis of the extensor muscles

Boards: OPP (13 decks)

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