SAS 9 - CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST

Question 1

What are “the” antinicotinic drugs?

Answer 1

Ganglion blockers and Neuromuscular junction blockers

Question 2

Anti-muscarinic drugs is also known as

Answer 2

parasympatholytic

Question 3

Why is anti-muscarinic drug is also called as parasympatholytic?

Answer 3

because it has the capability to inhibit the effect of parasympathetic autonomic discharge.

Question 4

At what plant do Atropine can be found?

Answer 4

Atropa belladonna (deadly night shade), Datura stramonium (Jamestown weed, and Sacred Datura,thorn apple)

Question 5

What is the generic name of the Atropine?

Answer 5

hyoscyamine

Question 6

At what plant do scopolamine is found?

Answer 6

Hyoscyamus niger or herbane (its l-stereoisomer)

Question 7

what is the l-stereoisomer of the hyoscyamus niger?

Answer 7

herbane

Question 8

At what number is the l-stereoisomer alkaloids more potent than d-stereoisomer?

Answer 8

100x

Question 9

How will it take for the atropine to be distributed in CNS?

Answer 9

30mins - 1 hour

Question 10

How long will it take for a fast-acting formulation of atropine to take?

Answer 10

2 hours

Question 11

How long will it take for a long-acting formulation of atropine to take?

Answer 11

13 hours

Question 12

It is the eye that is longer to be affected by alkaloids, how many hours does it last?

Answer 12

72 hours or more

Question 13

What is the MOA of Atropine?

Answer 13

It blocks the cholinomimetic actions of muscarinic receptors

Question 14

What is the effect of cholinergic antagonists for muscarinic receptors?

Answer 14

prevents the release of IP3 and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase

Question 15

Where is the most sensitive tissue that is affected by antimuscarinic drugs? SSB

Answer 15

Salivary glands, sweat glands, bronchial

Question 16

Atropine has little to CNS but at high doses of scopolamine it can cause…

Answer 16

Excitability, irritability, hallucinations, and coma

Question 17

a drug that has fewer adverse effects than atropine in lessening digestion

Answer 17

telenzepine

Question 18

a muscarinic receptor that is found in the CNS neurons, sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies, and many presynaptic sites

Answer 18

M1

Question 19

a muscarinic receptor that is found in the myocardium, smooth muscle organs, and
some neuronal sites

Answer 19

M2

Question 20

a muscarinic receptor that is found in the effector cell membranes, especially
glandular and smooth muscle cells.

Answer 20

M3

Question 21

a muscarinic receptor that plays a greater role in the CNS than in the periphery

Answer 21

M4 & M5

Question 22

a prototype of muscarinic antagonist

Answer 22

Atropine

Question 23

what are the street names of the Datura stramonium?

Answer 23

Jamestown weed, sacred Datura, or thorn apple

Question 24

parasympatholytic: NATURAL ALKALOIDS are MOSTLY __________ drugs that are well absorbed in the ______ and __________.

Answer 24

> Natural alkaloids are mostly tertiary agents
is well absorbed in the gut and conjunctival membranes.

Question 25

how many percent of unchanged atropine drug is excreted in the urine?

Answer 25

50%

Question 26

what is the MOA of Atropine?

Answer 26

reversibly blocks muscarinic receptors

Question 27

what is the effect of atropine blocking the muscarinic receptor?

Answer 27

inhibition of IP3 release and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase

Question 28

what are the muscarinic receptors that atropine does not distinguish?

Answer 28

M1-M3

Question 29

what is the low dose of scopolamine does to the CNS?

Answer 29

Drowsiness and amnesia

Question 30

what is the low dose of scopolamine does to the CNS?

Answer 30

Drowsiness and amnesia

Question 31

how does acetylcholine transmission causes parkinson?

Answer 31

when acetylcholine production is unbalanced with dopamine production it can lead to impair motor command

Question 32

what is cycloplegia?

Answer 32

it is when the ciliary muscle loses its ability to contract - loss of accommodation

Question 33

what are the effects of parasympatholytic drugs in the eyes?

Answer 33

>mydriasis >cycloplegia >sandy eyes

Question 34

what is the condition that is fatal for children done by atropine?

Answer 34

Atropine fever

Question 35

what is the parasympathetic drug that is effective for motion sickness (increases blood levels over 48-72 hours)

Answer 35

Scopolamine

Question 36

what type of administration is best for opthalmoscopic examination?

Answer 36

ointment or eyedrops

Question 37

what are the synthetic analog of atropine that is used as an inhalational drug to treat COPD

Answer 37

Ipratropium tiotropium, aclidinium, umeclidinium

Question 38

used to relieve bladder spasms after urologic surgery (~M3 receptor)

Answer 38

Oxybutynin

Question 39

non-selective and comparable to oxybutynin

Answer 39

Trospium

Question 40

more M3 selective and requires only one daily dosing

Answer 40

Darifenacin and Solifenacin

Question 41

antimuscarinic agent that is only approved in Europe but not in USA

Answer 41

Propiverine

Question 42

What are the contraindications of Muscarinic antagonist

Answer 42

> Angle-closure glaucoma > history of prostatic hyperplasia > Gastric ulcer > Children in danger with malignant hyperthermia

Question 43

what is ganglion-blocking drugs?

Answer 43

it blocks the ganglion in the sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 43

what is ganglion-blocking drugs?

Answer 43

it blocks the ganglion in the sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 44

ALL ganglion-blocking drugs are SYNTHETIC AMINES

Answer 44

ALL ganglion-blocking drugs are SYNTHETIC AMINES

Question 45

a ganglion-blockers that depolarizes neuromuscular blocking agent

Answer 45

Decamethonium

Question 46

what is the MOA of ganglion blocker?

Answer 46

binds to nicotinic receptor

Question 47

ganglion blocker can be surmounted

Answer 47

ganglion blocker can be surmounted

Question 48

ganglion-blocking drugs are now classified as

Answer 48

nondepolarizing competitive antagonist

Question 49

what is the drug in the ganglion-blocking that produces MOST OF ITS BLOCKING ACTION

Answer 49

Hexamethonium

Question 50

blocks the nicotinic receptors and be as possible adjunct with the transdermal nicotine patch

Answer 50

Mecamylamine