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PHA 037 - PHARMACOLOGY > PHASE II REACTIONS > Flashcards

PHASE II REACTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the PHASE II REACTIONS?

A

Glucuronidation
Acetylation
Glutathione conjugation
Glycine conjugation
Water conjugation
Sulfation
Methylation

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2
Q

What is the endogenous reactant in Glucuronidation?

A

UDP glucuronic acid

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3
Q

What is the enzyme responsible in Glucuronidation?

A

UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase

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4
Q

What are the substrates in glucuronidation?

A

Phenols, Alcohol, Carboxylic acid, hydroxylamine, sulfonamides

Ex: Nitrophenols, morphine, acetaminophen, diazepam, N-hydroxydapsone, sulfathiazole, meprobamate, digitoxin, digoxin

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5
Q

What is the endogenous reactant in Acetylation?

A

Acetyl CoA

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6
Q

What is the enzyme responsible in Acetylation?

A

N-acetyltransferase

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7
Q

What are the substrates for Acetylation?

A

Amines

Ex. : Sulfonamides, Isonized, clonazepam, dapsone, mescaline

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8
Q

What is the endogenous reactant in Glutathione conjugation?

A

Glutathione

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9
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for Glutathione conjugation?

A

GSH-S-transferase

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10
Q

What are the substrates for Glutathione conjugation?

A

Epoxides, hydroxylamines, nitro groups, arene oxides

Ex. : Acetaminophen, ethacrynic acid, bromobenzene

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11
Q

What is the endogenous reactant in glycine conjugation?

A

Glycine

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12
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for glycine conjugation?

A

Acyl-CoA glycinetransferase

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13
Q

What are the substrates in glycine conjugation?

A

Acyl CoA *derivation of carboxylic acid

Ex. : Salicylic acid, benzoic acid, nicotinic acid, cinnamic acid, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid

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14
Q

What is the endogenous reactant in sulfation?

A

Phosphoadenosyl phosphosulfate

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15
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for sulfation?

A

Sulfotransferase

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16
Q

What are the substrates for sulfation?

A

Phenols, alcohols, aromatic amines

17
Q

What is the endogenous reactant in methylation?

A

S-Adenosylmethionine

18
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for methylation?

A

Transmethylases

19
Q

What are the substrates for methylation?

A

Phenols, amines, CATECHOLAMINES

20
Q

What is the endogenous reactant in water conjugation?

A

Water

21
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for water conjugation?

A

Epoxide hydrolase

22
Q

What are the substrates if water conjugation happens in MICROSOMES?

A

Arene oxides, cis-disubstituted and monosubstituted oxiranes

23
Q

What are the substrates if water conjugation happens in CYTOSOL?

A

Alkaline oxides, fatty acids epoxides

PHA 037 - PHARMACOLOGY (19 decks)

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