Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D&T 3 test 2 > Saroj 1 > Flashcards

Saroj 1 Flashcards

1
Q

which bronchi is more susceptible to aspiration

A

right main stem due to vertical orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does bronchioles not have

A

cartilage

submucosal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is pathway for air

A

bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Acinus contain

A

respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

almost entire respiratory tree is lined by what? exceptions?

A

ciliated pseudostratified tall columnar epithelium

- vocal cord: stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are 2 types of alveolar epithelium

A

Type I pneumocytes: alveolar surface majority

Type II pneumocytes: surfactant and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what supplies the lung

A

pulmonary and bronchial arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nasal clearnce

A

sneezing or blowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tracheobronchial clearance

A

epithelial mucociliary action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

alveolar clearance

A

phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how can alcohol and smoking impact clearance mechanism

A

interfere with phagocytic action of alveolar macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is restrictive pulmonary disease

A

reduced expansion of lung parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what numbers are impacted for restrictive pulmonary disease

A

decreased total lung capacity

normal FEV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are 2 categories for restrictive disease

A
  1. chest wall disorder with normal lungs

2. acute or chronic interstitial and infiltrative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define diffuse interstistial disease

A

inflammation and fibrosis of lung connective tissue or delicate alveolar septal interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is decreased in diffuse interstitial disease

A

diffusion capacity
lung volumes
compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

clinical features of diffuse interstitial disease

A

dyspnea
tachypnea
cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do advanced lesions on diffuse interstitial look like

A

honeycomb lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name 2 granulomatous diseases

A

Sarcoidosis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the same thing as

A

UIP

usual interstitial pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a probable cause for IPF UIP

A
  • repeated cycles of epithelial activation/injury

- fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferation = FIBROBLASTIC FOCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a probable genetic cause of IPF and UIP

A

TERT and TERC gene

telomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a second mechanism of pathogenesis for IPF UIP

A
  • caveolin 1 inhibits TGF- beta1

decreased caveiolin-1 in IPF
- abnormal repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis usually occurs where in the lung

A

subpleural regions in lower lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

microscopically what do you see in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF

A
  • fibroblastic foci initially
  • later dense fibrosis and cystic spaces - HONEYCOMB
  • abrupt transition between fibrosis and normal lung
  • temporal heterogeneity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

later clinical features of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

A

cyanosis and clubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

microscopically what does nonspecific interstitial pneumonia look like

A

cellular - interstitial inflammation
fibrosing patterns without temporal heterogeneity if UIP
no fibroblastic foci or honeycomb lung

28
Q

how is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia treated

A

steroids

29
Q

another name for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

A

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)

30
Q

cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is associated with what

A

viral and bacterial pneumonias

31
Q

what is the histo for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

A
  • polypoid plugs or loose organizing fibroconnective tissue ( MASSON BODIES)
  • connective tissue plugs all the same age
32
Q

what does X-ray show for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

A
  • Subplerual or peribronchial area of consolidation
33
Q

how is cryptogenic organizing pneumonia treated

A

steroid therapy for greater than 6 months

34
Q

What are 3 pneumoconioses

A

coal worker
silicosis
asbestos

35
Q

what does cigarette smoke affect? amplies?

A
  • affects mucociliary apparatus

- amplies effect of all inhaled dusts in obstructive and restrictive diseases

36
Q

what size are the most dangerous cigarette particles

A

1-5 um

37
Q

Is there cellular reaction in anthracosis of coal workers

A

no

38
Q

morphology of simple CW coal workers

A
  • coal macules: composed of carbon laden macrophages

- coal nodules, larger, collagen fibers

39
Q

where does simple CW coal workers occur in the lung

A

upper lobes

upper zones of lower lobes

40
Q

for simple CW coal workers macules and nodules are adjacent to

A

respiratory bronchioles

41
Q

what can simple CW coal workers cause

A

centrilobular emphysema

42
Q

clinical presentation for coal workers pneumonia

A

usually benign

- milder forms of complicated CWP exist without lung function abnormalities

43
Q

what is Caplan syndrome coal workers

A

pneumoconiosis plus rheumatoid arthritis

44
Q

what is the most prevalent chronic occupational disease worldwide

A

silicosis

45
Q

what causes silicosis

A

inhalation of crystalline silicon dioxide

46
Q

when does disease present for silicosis

A

decades after exposure

47
Q

what forms in the lung for silicoisis

A
  • crystalline ( more fibrosis, quartz most common) and amorphous forms
48
Q

Silica causes activation and release of what

A

mediators within macrophages

-IL1, TNF, derived free radicals, fibrogenic cytokines

49
Q

what does histo look like for silicosis

A

discrete pale to dark nodules
‘ eggshell calcifications’
- concentric layers of collagen

50
Q

where does silicosis usually occur in lung

A

upper lung zones

51
Q

Silicosis is associated with increased susceptibility to

A

tuberculosis

52
Q

what are 2 forms of asbestos

A

serpentine
amphibole
both are fibrogenic

53
Q

what is serpentine asbestos look like

A

soluble curly flexible fibers

54
Q

compare serpentine and asmphibole

A

amphibole less prevalent but more pathogenic

55
Q

describe amphibole

A

stiff brittle fibers

56
Q

where does initial injury occur in asbetsosis

A

bifurcations of small airways and ducts

57
Q

asbestosis can act as what? by what?

A

tumor promoter by free radical generation

58
Q

what is seen in histo for asbestos

A

asbestos bodies: golden brown fusiform

59
Q

what are asbestos fibers coated with

A

iron-containing proteinaceous material

60
Q

where in the lung does asbestos occur

A

lower lobes

61
Q

in asbestos what is a macro feature

A

honeycombing

62
Q

what is the most common manifestation of asbestos ? what does it not have

A

pleural plaques

- does not contain asbestos bodies

63
Q

when do symptoms occur for asbestois

A

20 years of more after exposure

64
Q

asbestosis with lung or pleural cancer =

A

grim prognosis

65
Q

Bleomycin

A

directly damage lung tissue

66
Q

Amiodarone

A

causes penumonitis

67
Q

radiation

A

pneumonitis occurs in 10-20% of patients 1-6 months after therapy

D&T 3 test 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions