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D&T 3 test 2 > Physical exam: Alkhankan > Flashcards

Physical exam: Alkhankan Flashcards

1
Q

The posterior side of the lungs, are mostly what part of the lobes

A

lower

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2
Q

how many segments are on each side of the lob

A

10

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3
Q

what part of breathing is active and which is passive

A

inhalation/inspiration - active

expiration/exhalation - passive

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4
Q

what muscles relax during expiration

A

diaphragm and expiratory muscles

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5
Q

when does barometric air pressure equal alveolar pressure

A

no air movement

- end of expiration

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6
Q

what are pressures during inspiration

A

barometric pressure greater than alveolar pressure

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7
Q

what are pressures during expiration

A

alveolar pressure greater than barometric pressure

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8
Q

What shifts the curve to the right

A

low pH
increase CO2
increase temp

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9
Q

what does a shift to the right mean

A

better release oxygen

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10
Q

what does a shift to the left mean

A

greater affinity of oxygen for RBC

increase O2 uptake

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11
Q

what causes the graph to shift left

A

increase pH
decrease CO2
decrease temperature

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12
Q

what defines capacity

A

sum of 2 or more volumes

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13
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air inspired and expired during normal quiet breathing

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14
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

max. amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration

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15
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

max. amount of air that can be exhaled from the resting expiratory level

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16
Q

residual volume

A

volume of air remaining in lungs at the end of maximum expiration

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17
Q

vital capacity

A

volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after a max. inspiration

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18
Q

FVC

A

when vital capacity exhaled forcefully

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19
Q

SVC

A

when vital capacity is exhaled slowly

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20
Q

what adds up to vital capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV

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21
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

IC

max. amount of air that can be inhaled form the end of a tidal volume

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22
Q

formula for inspiratory capacity

A

= IRV + TV

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23
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of TV expiration

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24
Q

formula for FRC

A

ERV + RV

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25
what are the forces at FRC
- elastic force of chest wall = elastic force of lungs
26
total lung capacity
volume of air in the lungs after a max. inspiration
27
formula for TLC
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
28
dysphonia
difficulty speaking
29
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose
30
tell me when the lungs develope
- not fully grown at birth - rapid growth first 2 years - decline in growth by 8 years
31
kussmals
rapid shallow breathing
32
orthopnoea
short of breath in supine position, gets some relief by sitting or standing
33
a drug overdose could do what to you lungs
bradypnea
34
define clubbing
widening of AP and lateral diameter | angle between nail and skin is greater than 180 degress
35
when can clubbing show up
- intrathoracic malignancy - suppurative lung disease - diffuse interstitial fibrosis
36
which way does the tracheal alignment shift: pneumothorax
shifts toward unaffected side
37
which way does the tracheal alignment shift: pleural effusion
shifts toward unaffected side
38
which way does the tracheal alignment shift: fibrosis or atelectasis
shifts toward affected side
39
which way does the tracheal alignment shift: pulmonary consolidation
no shift
40
what can cause asymmetry of chest expansion
unilateral or plueral disease
41
in what disease state would you have bilateral comparison of vocal vibrations increased
- alveolar consolidation
42
in what disease state would you have bilateral comparison of vocal vibrations decreased
pneumothorax | pleural effusion
43
when does hyperresonance occur during percussion
COPD | pneumothorax
44
when does dullness occur during percussion
atelectasis alveolar filling/consolidation pleural effusion fibrosis
45
percuss pneumothorax and emphysema
increased percussion and hyperresonance
46
percuss effusion and consolidated lung
reduced percussion | hyporesonance
47
vesicular
soft low pitched with rustling quality during inspiration and even soften during expiration
48
where is vesicular usually heard
over most of lung
49
I:E ratio for vesicular
3:1
50
Ronchi
low pitched wheezing
51
what is rhonchi associated with
``` rupture of fluid films abnormal airway collapsibility clear with coughing asthma COPD ```
52
fine crackles, when are they heard
heard at end of inspiration
53
when are coarse crackles heard
early in inspiration | - secretions are in bronchi
54
wheezes
high pitched | airway obstruction
55
what are bronchial sounds
sounds are hollow tubular and lower pitched
56
where are bronchial sounds normal
trachea
57
what is I;E ratio
1:3
58
What is stridor
musical high pitched,
59
what does stridor indicate
upper airway obstruction
60
stridor fixed lesions when biphasic indicates
coup
61
forced vital capacity
total volume of air that can be exhaled forcefully from TLC
62
FEV1
volume of air forcefully expired from full inflation TLC in first second
63
obstructive disease FEV1/FEV
DDD/D--> DD
64
restrictive disease FEV1/FEV
DD/DD--> normal
65
what is PFT for obstructive, gold standard
FEV1/FEV less than 70
66
what is PFT for restrictive, gold standard
FEV1/FEV less than 80
67
what are DLCO levels in restrictie and obstructive
restrictive: decreased obstructive: near normal except emphysema

D&T 3 test 2 (14 decks)

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