Miller Flashcards
failure to complete separation from esophagus results in
TE fistula
what day does pulmonary arteries arise
44
what day are R and L bronchi present
28
when does pseudoglandular stage occur
5th to 17th week gestation
what is pseudoglandular stage
period of rapid branching of the pulmonary tree
when does canalicular stage occur
16-24 weeks
what is canalicular stage
- capillary bed expands and endothelium thins
- surfactant begin production
what accelerates tissue thinning and surfactant production
glucocorticoids
what is alveolar capillary dysplasia
capillary beds fail to form properly
when does saccular stage occur
28- 38
what happens in saccular stage
- decrease mesenchymal tissue
- increase type II cell
how does maternal diabetes impact baby
decreases surfactant production
when does alveolar stage occur
36- 2/3 yrs
what does pulmonary vascular change in alveolar stage
decrease smooth muscle
decrease pulmonary vascular resistance
what does VEGF do?
promotes angiogenesis
what does retinoic acid do
- increase alveolarization
- may decrease broncho pulmonary dysplasia
how does estrogen and testosterone change
estrogen: adequate levels of surfactant production
testosterone: slows lung development
surfactant protein A recycled by
type II pneumocyte
what is opsonin
phagocytosis and kills certain bacteria and fungi
can a baby still live with deficient surfactant protein A
yes
what is surfactant protein B required for
extra-uterine life
can a baby still live with deficient surfactant protein B
no
what activates surfactant protein C
SP-B
function of surfactant protein C
recruit phospholipids to lipid layers
can a baby still live with deficient surfactant protein C
yes
function of surfactant protein D
innate immunity
what increases surfactant secretion
glucocorticoids
estrogen
thyroid hormone
what decreases surfactant secretion
high levels of circulating insulin
how does Betamethasone impact lung development
increase surfactant production
decrease alveolar division
decrease alveolar length
what happens when Betamethasone is give to fetus
improves lung maturation
what happens when Betamethasone is give to mother
decrease fetal body
starburst fluid in lymphatic tissue
transient tachypnea of newborn
retained fetal lung fluid
