Sampling

Question 1

A set of observations that contain all members of the population of interest

Answer 1

Census

Question 2

A larger group from which a sample is drawn - the group to which a study’s conclusions are intended to be applied

Answer 2

Population of interest

Question 3

The group of people, animals, or cases used in a study - a subset of the population of interest

Answer 3

Sample

Question 4

All members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample - they allow us to make inferences about the population of interest

Answer 4

Representative Sample

Question 5

Only sampling those who are most easy to get in contact with

Answer 5

Convenience Sampling

Question 6

Sampling only those who invite themselves - only those who volunteer to participate

Answer 6

Self Selection

Question 7

Every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for the sample, regardless of whether they are close by, easy to contact, or motivated to respond - Involve random selection

Answer 7

Probability Sampling (Random Sampling)

Question 8

Clusters of participants within a population of interest are randomly selected and then all individuals in each selected cluster are used

Answer 8

Cluster Sampling

Question 9

Two random samples are selected: A random sample of clusters, then a random sample of people within those clusters

Answer 9

Multistage Sampling

Question 10

What is the difference between random assignment and random sampling?

Answer 10

Random sampling - researchers are enhancing external validity by creating a sample using some random method so that each member of the population has equal chance of being in the sample
Random assignment - researchers are enhancing internal validity by ensuring the comparison group and treatment group are similar, controlling for alternative explanations

Question 11

The most basic form probability sampling in which the sample is chosen completely at random from the population of interest
Example: Drawing names out of a hate

Answer 11

Simple Random Sampling

Question 12

What is the difference between random assignment and random sampling?

Answer 12

Random sampling - researchers are enhancing external validity by creating a sample using some random method so that each member of the population has equal chance of being in the sample
Random assignment - researchers are enhancing internal validity by ensuring the comparison group and treatment group are similar, controlling for alternative explanations

Question 13

Researcher selects specific demographic categories on purpose and then randomly selects individuals within each of the categories

Answer 13

Stratified Random Sampling

Question 14

Researcher intentionally overrepresent one or more groups and then weight data to be representative in analysis

Answer 14

Oversampling

Question 15

A computer or random number table is used to select two random numbers - the sample is selected using the numbers

Answer 15

Systematic Sampling

Question 16

What is purposive sampling?

Answer 16

Researchers use this if they want to study only certain kinds of people, they recruit only those particular participants. (non random)

Question 17

What is snowball sampling?

Answer 17

one variation on purposive sampling. In which participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for the study.

Question 18

What is quota Sampling?

Answer 18

researcher identifies subsets of the population of interest and then sets a target number for each category in the sample.