Generalizability & Replication Flashcards
To be important a study must be __________?
Replicable (or reproducible). In this context notice that “replicable” doesnt mean a study has the potential to be replicated but that the results have been replicated.
What is direct replication?
researchers repeat an original study as closely as they can, to see whether the original effect shows up in the newly collected data.
What is replication with extension?
researchers replicate their original study but add variables to test additional questions.
What is conceptual replication?
researchers study the same research question but use different procedures.
What does generalizing to other participants involve?a
To assess a study’s generalizability you would ask how the participants were obtained. If a study is intended to generalize to some population the researchers must use probability sampling.
What does generalizing to other settings mean?
Conceptual replications illustrate this aspect of external validity. Wanting to know whether a lab situation can generalize to real world settings.
What is ecological validity?
A study’s similarity to real world contexts
What is theory testing mode?
They are usually testing association or causal claims to investigate support for a theory.
What is generalization mode?
researchers work in generalization mode when they want to generalize the findings from the sample in their study to a larger population (in this case external validity is a priority)
What mode are frequency claims made in?
Always made in generalization mode. A researcher must have a representative population to answer questions such as: how many US teens text and drive?
what mode are association claims and causal claims made in?
Most of the time they are conducted in theory testing mode but sometimes researchers conduct them in generalization mode too.
What is cultural psychology?
it is a sub discipline of psychology focusing on how cultural contexts shape the way a person thinks, feels and behaves.
What is the Muller-lyer illusion?
Does the vertical line B appear longer than the vertical line A? if you take a ruler and measure the two vertical lines, you’ll find out they are exactly the same length.
How does interpretation of the Muller-Iyer illusion vary across cultures?
Almost all North Americans and Europeans fall for this illusion, but not all people do. one team of researchers found that many people around the world when tested do not see line b being longer than line a.
What is figure and ground?
When you look at the scene (the fish) what do you notice first? north Americans tended to comment on the 3 large fish swimming in the middle of the frame- the focal objects. Where as Japanese students commented on the background first (collectivist culture)
