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Research Methods > Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Which organizations are involved in the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS) of Ethical Research?

A

CIHR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research
SSHRC - Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
NSERC - Natural Science and Engineering Research Council

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2
Q

What are the core principles of the TCPS guidelines?

A

Respect for Persons
Concern for Welfare (Beneficence)
Justice

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3
Q

Researchers must take precautions to protect participants from harm and to ensure their well-being

A

Concern for Welfare

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4
Q

Researchers need to carefully assess the risks and benefits of the research they plan to conduct

A

Concern for Welfare

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5
Q

There must be a fair balance between the kinds of people who participate in research and the kinds of people who benefit from it

A

Justice

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6
Q

Any decision to include or exclude certain people from a study must be justified on scientific grounds

A

Justice

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7
Q

Researchers must acquire informed consent

A

Respect for Persons

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8
Q

Researchers are not allowed to mislead participants about the study’s risk and benefits

A

Respect for Persons

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9
Q

A researcher may not coerce or unduly influence a person into participating in research

A

Respect for Persons

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10
Q

Protection of vulnerable populations

A

Respect for Persons

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11
Q

What type of research involves publicly available information, observing people in public places, or using already collected anonymous data?

A

Exempt Research

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12
Q

What type of research involves risk which is no greater than that encountered in daily life or non-sensitive tests?

A

Minimal Risk Research

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13
Q

What type of research is subjected to thorough review and addition safeguards beyond informed consent,?

A

Greater than Minimal Risk Research

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14
Q

Animal Care Guidelines

A

Replacement - avoid using animal model
Reduction - minimize number of animals used
Refinement - minimize pain and distress

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15
Q

When researchers invent data that fir their hypothesis

A

Data fabrication

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16
Q

When research influence a study’s results by deleting observations from data or influencing their subjects to act in the hypothesized way

A

Data falsification

17
Q

To inform participants afterward about a study’s true nature, details, and hypothesis

A

Debriefing

18
Q

To withhold dome of the details of a study from participants

A

Deception though omission

19
Q

To actively lie to participants about the study

A

Deception through commission

20
Q

What three kinds of ethic violations are demonstrated in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

A

Not Treated Respectfully - Lied to, withheld information from, no informed consent, coerced families (Respect for Persons)

Harmed - Subject to painful tests and not given treatment that could cure them (Concern for Welfare)

Targeted Disadvantaged social group - only targeted African American men (Justice)

21
Q

What ethical questions are raised in the Milgram Obedience Study?

A

Was it ethical to put unsuspecting volunteers through such a stressful experience?
What is the lasting effect of the study?
Was the risk to participants outweighed by the value of the knowledge?

22
Q

Coercing or unduly influencing a person into participating in research violated which principle of ethics?

A

Respect for Persons

23
Q

Misleading people about the study’s risks and benefits violated which principle of ethics?

A

Respect for Persons

24
Q

When researchers explicitly or implicitly suggest that those who do not participate will suffer a negative consequence

A

Coercion

Violates Respect for Persons

25
Q

When researchers offer an incentive too attractive to refuse

A

Undue Influence

Violates Respect for Persons

26
Q

Treating populations who are unable to give informed consent since they may not be able to understand the procedures involved with special consideration falls under which core ethic principle?

A

Respect for Persons

27
Q

Withholding treatment that are known to be helpful to study participants is a violation of which principle of ethics?

A

Concern for Welfare (Beneficence)

28
Q

Researchers should first ensure that the participants involved in a study are representative of the kinds of people who would also benefit from its results

A

Justice

29
Q

What are the ethical costs and benefits of doing the study with deception, compared with the ethical cost of doing it this way?

A

Concern for Welfare

Research Methods (15 decks)

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