Sampling Flashcards
What is a target population?
A large group of people the researcher wishes to study
What is a sample?
A small groups of people who represent the target population who are studied
What does it mean to be representative?
When the sample of p’s made up is to people who have the same characteristic and ability to target population
What does it mean to generalise?
Refers to the extent to which we can apply our findings to the target population
What is population validity?
The extent to which the sample can be generalised to a wider population
What are the 6 types of sampleing?
-Opportunity
-Random
-Sampling
-Stratified
-Systematic
-Self selected
What is opportunity sampling?
Sample of participants who are most easily available at the time of research
Advantage of oppertunity?
Quick and easy
Disadvantages of opportunity sampling?
A bias sample (small part of the population)
What are random sampling?
Sample of participants who are randomly selected (out of a hat or a wheel) of the population. Everyone has an equal chance
Advantages of random sampling?
Unbiased
representative of the population
Disadvantages of random sampling?
Need to be well prepared (a list of p’s names, numbers and address)
What is snowball sampling?
Relies on referrals from initial participant
Advantages of snowball sampling?
enables researcher to get into contact with groups that are difficult to reach
Disadvantages of snowball sampling?
Not amazing representation of the population as it relies on referrals from friends who will most likely share interests
What is self selected sampling?
The sample relies on participants to volunteer
Self selected sampling advantages?
More representative
Unbiased
Disadvantages of self selected sampling?
Can be bias are p’s are motivated to help
What is stratified sampling?
Produces a sample by selected participants in proportion of target population
Subgroups created and selected at random
What are the advantages of stratified sampling?
Very representative
Unbiased
What are the disadvantages of stratified sampling?
Time consuming to identify subgroups
What is quota sampling?
Works the same as stratified by creating subgroups of population but instead of being at random the researcher chooses p’s in the sample
Advantages of quota sampling?
Very representative as all sub groups are chosen
Can be generalised to population
Disadvantages of quota sampling?
Time consuming
What is systematic sampling?
Sample selected by every nth term
Can be random if first person selected is at random then its every nth term after that
Advantages of systematic sampling?
Unbiased as p’s are selected through a system
Disadvantages of systematic sampling?
Sample may not be representative of the target population
Not unbiased unless selection is random
