Salmonella Flashcards
There are good immune reactions against salmonellae in the case of generalised salmonella
diseases.
T
Salmonella enterica has 6 subspecies.
T
The salmonella serotypes that cause salmonellosis in animals mainly belongs to Salmonella
enterica. Subs. Enterica
T
Feeding dogs with slaughterhouse waste can predispose them to Salmonellosis
T
Salmonella typhi is a zoonotic agent:
F
Salmonella abortion of ewes can be diagnosed by detecting the agent from the faeces of
ewes
F
Yellowy watery diarrhoea is a typical sign of salmonellosis of calves
T
Salmonella enterica subsp. Arizonae strains mainly cause salmonelloisis in pigs.
F
Per os infection is a common way of infection in the case of salmonellosis.
T
Salmonellae are replicating in the gut.
T
Asymptomatic carriage of salmonellae does not occur in animals.
F
Abortion can be a clinical sign of salmonellosis of animals.
T
Salmonellosis is zoonosis.
T
Antibodies against salmonellae can be detected in the case of generalized salmonellosis.
T
In the case of generalized salmonellosis, the agent has to be isolated from the faces.
F
After antibiotic treatment, no salmonella carriers remain in the flock.
F
Germinative infection can happen in the case of certain salmonella diseases.
T
Aerogenic infection can happen in the case of certain salmonella diseases.
T
Sexual transmission is common in the case of certain salmonella diseases.
F
Salmonella diseases are always limited to the gut.
F
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of chronic salmonellosis.
T
Certain salmonella serotypes can cause abortions.
T
Salmonella Typhi is an obligate pathogen, it is the causative agent of fowl typhoid.
F
Salmonellae, which can cause paratyphoid in animals are widespread.
T
Age is a predisposing factor of paratyphoid of animals.
T
Only per os infection occurs in the case of salmonellosis.
F
Salmonella diseases are always acute in animals.
F
After recovering from a salmonella disease, animals do not shed the bacterium any more
F
Salmonella can be isolated from faeces using the selective enrichment method.
T
All Salmonella species are zoonotic.
F
Salmonella are generally resistant bacteria.
F
We use isolation and ELISA for detection of Salmonella.
T
The cell wall, flagella and virulence factors are the antigens of Salmonella.
T
Salmonellosis can sometimes be generalized.
T
Exotoxins are important virulence factors of salmonella.
F
An allergic test can confirm salmonellosis.
F
Salmonella is cultivated from parenchymal organs.
T
Septicaemia is always seen in salmonellosis.
F
Abortion is the main clinical form of human salmonellosis.
F
Vomiting and diarrhoea are frequent clinical signs of human salmonellosis.
T
All serotypes of salmonellae can cause salmonellosis in humans.
F
Food of animal origin is a frequent source of human salmonella infection
T
Salmonella typhimurium can infect humans
T
Humans are infected with salmonellae mainly per os
T
E. Coli can cause haemorrhagic enteritis of humans
T
Abortion is the main clinical form of human salmonellosis
F
Enteritis is a clinical sign of Salmonellosis.
T
All salmonella serotypes are zoonotic.
F
Age can be a predisposing factor in human salmonellosis.
T
Gastroenteritis is the most common form of human salmonellosis.
T
Human salmonellosis is always limited to the gastrointestinal tract.
F
Poultry meat and eggs are common source of human salmonella infections.
T
In the case of diarrhoea caused by salmonella in humans, penicillin treatment is recommended.
F
Septicaemia is the most common presentation of human salmonellosis.
F
We use tetracyclines in the treatment of human gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella spp.
F
Salmonellosis mostly affect the elderly and young people (children).
T
All Salmonella serotypes can infect humans.
F
Salmonella Typhi is a zoonotic agent.
F
Salmonella Typhysuis is a causative agent of swine typhoid
T
Salmonella typhisuis is an obligate pathogen.
T
The agent of swine typhoid mainly replicates in the small intestine.
F
The agent of swine typhoid can cause lesions only in the gut.
F
Swine typhoid can be transmitted by contaminated utensils.
T
Swine typhoid is a chronic disease.
T
Cough is a frequent clinical sign of swine typhoid.
T
The agent of swine typhoid can cause focal inflammation and necrosis in the parenchymal
organs
T
Typhocolitis of swine mainly occurs in growers and adults.
T
Swine typhoid mainly occurs in suckling piglets.
F
salmonella choleraesuis is the causative agent of swine typhoid:
F
vaccination is not recommended for the prevention of swine typhoid
T
swine typhoid is a very frequent disease in Europe nowadays
F
Swine typhoid is an acute disease
F
The agent of swine typhoid can infect pigs, dogs, cats and humans
F
Lesions of swine typhoid are always limited to the intestine.
F
Lesions of swine typhoid are in the large intestine.
T
Swine typhoid is an acute disease; it is spreading fast in the herd
F
S. Typhisuis replicates in the lymphoid patches of the large intestine.
T
S. Typhisuis can cause a severe acute disease in swine.
F
Swine typhoid is caused by Salmonella Choleraesuis.
F
Salmonella Choleraesuis is an obligate pathogen.
F
Ulcers in the large intestine are frequent post mortem lesions of swine typhoid.
T
Swine typhoid is treated with penicillin.
F
Per os infection is frequent in the case of swine typhoid.
T
Swine typhoid is limited to the intestine, it cannot cause bacteremia.
F
Lesions of swine typhoid can be seen in the small intestine.
F
Swine typhoid is an acute disease of swine.
F
Swine typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhisuis.
T
Salmonella typhisuis can infect ruminants and swine.
F
Swine typhoid occurs only in piglets between 2-5 months.
F
Certain lesions of swine typhoid can be seen in the large intestine.
T
Swine typhoid is a frequent disease on large scale farms.
F
Swine typhoid is spreading slowly in the herd.
T
Swine typhoid can be transmitted with faecal contamination.
T
The agent of swine typhoid can only replicate in the gut.
F
Salmonella typhisuis and S. gallinarum are obligate pathogens.
T
Salmonella typhisuis is widespread in different animal species.
F
Salmonella typhisuis can be introduced with infected animals.
T
Salmonella typhisuis can cause a fast spreading infection in the herd.
F
Swine typhus causes significant economic losses in larger farms.
F
Salmonella enteritidis causes swine typhus.
F
Swine typhus is usually an acute disease.
F
Swine typhus only affects the intestines.
F
Salmonella typhisuis causes paratyphoid in swine.
F
Swine typhoid is a frequent disease in Europe causing high losses.
F
The agent of swine typhoid replicates in the large intestine.
T
Killed vaccines are used to prevent swine typhoid.
F
Swine typhoid is spread by rodents.
F
In swine typhoid transport is an important predisposing factor.
F
Swine typhoid are mostly seen in 2-3-week-old piglets.
F
In swine typhoid, bacterial isolation is the best way to detect the bacteria.
T
Serology is an important tool to identify S. Typhisuis.
F
In swine typhoid, pathological changes are seen in the large intestine.
T
In swine typhoid, pathological changes are seen in the whole intestines.
F
Swine typhoid is caused by S. typhi.
F
Yellow, watery diarrhoea is a clinical sign of swine paratyphoid.
T
Salmonella Typhimurium can cause swine paratyphoid.
T
Swine paratyphoid is mainly seen in suckling piglets.
F
Fever is a common clinical sign of swine paratyphoid.
T
Focal inflammation and necrosis are a common postmortem lesions of fowl paratyphoid.
T
Swine paratyphoid is an acute disease.
T
Classical swine fever can predispose animals to swine paratyphoid.
T
Antibiotic treatment isn’t allowed in the case of swine paratyphoid
F
inflammation of the small intestine is a postmortem lesion of swine paratyphoid
T
swine paratyphoid is caused by obligate pathogenic bacteria:
F
swine paratyphoid is most frequently seen in pigs between 2 and 5 months of age
T
There is septicaemia in the case of swine parathyphoid
T
Cyanosis is a clinical sign of swine paratyphoid
T
Salmonella Choleraesuis can cause swine paratyphoid.
T
Swine paratyphoid generally occurs in all age groups.
F
High fever is a typical sign of swine paratyphoid.
T
There are vaccines against swine paratyphoid on the market.
T
Only Salmonella Typhimurium can cause swine paratyphoid.
F
Swine paratyphoid is an acute generalized disease.
T
Antibiotics are not used for the treatment of swine paratyphoid.
F
Salmonella choleraesuis and S. typhimurium can cause swine paratyphoid.
T
Swine paratyphoid is most frequent in suckling piglets.
T
F - 2-5 months
There is no use of antibiotic treatment in the case of swine paratyphoid.
T
Salmonella Choleraesuis is the only agent of swine paratyphoid.
F
Salmonella Choleraesuis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium.
F
In case of paratyphoid, the pigs on the farm must be culled/eradicated.
T
Swine paratyphoid typically occurs in neonatal piglets, in the first week of life.
F
Swine paratyphoid is a sporadic rare disease.
F
Swine paratyphoid occurs in piglets between 2-5 weeks of age.
F
Swine paratyphoid is caused by S. typhisuis
F
In the case of swine paratyphoid, enteritis can be seen in the small intestines.
T
Hyperemic enlargement of the spleen is typical in the case of swine paratyphoid.
F
Swine paratyphoid most often occurs in 2-5 months old piglets.
T
Inactivated vaccines can be used in the prevention of swine paratyphoid.
T
Cyanosis can be seen in swine paratyphoid.
T
In swine paratyphoid lesions are seen in SI and LI.
T
In case of swine paratyphoid, it is easy to diagnose in the faeces.
F
Cyanosis of lower parts of the body can be seen in swine paratyphoid.
T
Necrotic enterocolitis is a postmortem lesion of typhocolitis of swine
T
Typhocolitis of swine mainly occurs in growers and adults
T
Salmonella typhimurium can cause typhlocolitis in swine.
T
The lesions of typhlocolitis can be seen in the small intestines.
F
Watery diarrhea is a clinical sign of typhlocolitis of swine.
T
Antibiotic treatment can be used in the case of typhlocolitis of swine.
T
Typhlocolitis of pigs are mainly caused by Salmonella Typhimurium.
T
In the case of Typhlocolitis swine the agent can be isolated from the liver in large number.
F
Swine typhlocolitis is a common disease with high mortality.
F
High fever is an important clinical sign in case of swine typhlocolitis.
F
In case of swine typhlocolitis are mostly seen in the large intestines.
T
Swine typhlocolitis can be transmitted with birds and rodents.
T
The enterotoxins of the agents are responsible for the clinical signs and lesions of
salmonellosis of cattle.
F
Treatment of bovine salmonellosis with antibiotics is not recommended.
F
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of bovine salmonellosis.
T
Enteritis is a clinical sign of bovine salmonellosis.
T
Rodents and birds can infect cattle with salmonellae.
T
Agents of bovine salmonellosis do not infect humans.
F
There are no vaccines for the prevention of bovine salmonellosis.
F
Salmonella bovis is the causative agent of bovine salmonellosis
F
Bovine salmonellosis is always limited to the gut
F
salmonella typhimurium can cause salmonellosis of cattle
T
transportation of animals can predispose cattle to salmonellosis:
T
salmonellosis of cattle occurs mainly in day-old calves:
F
cattle shed salmonella in the faeces:
T
Yellow watery diarrhoea is a typical sign of salmonellosis of calves.
T
Salmonella is seen in the large intestine of cattle
F
Lack of appropriate provision of colostrum can predispose calves to salmonellosis.
F
Salmonella Typhi is a frequent agent of salmonellosis of calves.
F
Transport of calves can predispose to salmonellosis.
T
There are no vaccines against salmonellosis of calves.
F
Salmonellosis of calves is seen mainly in the first week of life.
F
In the case of salmonellosis of calves, focal necrosis in the parenchymal organs can be seen.
T
Humans cannot be infected with salmonellae from calves.
F
Salmonellosis of calves is typically seen in 2-6-week-old animals.
T
Calves are infected with Salmonellae generally per os.
T
Salmonellae do not enter the blood stream in calves.
F
Abortion can be a clinical sign of bovine salmonellosis.
T
Salmonellosis does not occur in cattle in Europe anymore because of successful eradication.
F
Salmonellosis in calves typically occurs in 1-2-week-old calves.
F
Salmonellosis in calves is frequently caused by S. typhimurium.
T
Salmonella Paratyphi can cause salmonellosis of calves.
F
Fever is a common clinical sign of salmonellosis of calves.
T
Salmonellosis does not occur in sheep.
F
Salmonella typhimurium is obligate pathogenic bacterium.
F
Salmonella typhimurium can cause salmonellosis of calves.
T
Transportation of young calves is a predisposing factor of salmonellosis.
T
In the case of chronic salmonellosis arthritis is a common clinical sign.
T
Salmonella bovis is the most frequent causative agent of bovine salmonellosis.
F
Salmonellosis of calves causes diarrhoea.
T
Salmonellosis of calves only effects the intestines.
F
Cattle can stay lifelong carriers of salmonellosis of calves
T
Salmonellosis in cattle is mainly cause by Salmonella bovis strains.
F
Salmonella can cause disease in calves bought and fattened at young age.
T
Salmonellosis in cattle is spread mainly in aerogenic way.
F
Chronic salmonellosis of cattle/calves causes arthritis.
T
Diarrhoea without fever is a typical clinical sign of bovine salmonellosis.
F
Salmonellosis in cattle is an endemic disease in young animals.
T
We can use vaccination in cattle to prevent salmonella.
T
Salmonellosis in cattle, lesions are mostly seen in the stomach.
F
Salmonella of calves causes bloody diarrhoea.
T
S. abortusovis can cause sporadic abortions in cattle.
F
Calf salmonellosis causes inflammation of the small intestine.
T
Salmonella in calves can be treated successfully with penicillin.
F
Salmonella can cause generalized disease/fever in caves.
T
Salmonellosis in calves cause ileitis.
T
We can use isolation or ELISA for detection of Salmonellosis in cattle.
F
We can use quinolones to treat salmonellosis in cattle.
T
Age is the most important predisposing factor in the case of cattle salmonellosis.
F
Salmonellosis of calves occur in increased number if calves were brought from different farms.
T
Salmonella is seen in the large intestine of cattle.
F
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of ovine salmonellosis.
T
Viral diseases (bluetongue, border disease etc.) frequently predispose sheep to salmonellosis.
F
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of ovine salmonellosis.
T
Salmonella Ovis is the main agent of ovine salmonellosis.
F
mixing pregnant old and young ewes can predispose animals to abortion caused by salmonellae:
T
salmonella abortusovis can cause abortion in sheep, goats and cow
F
salmonella abortion of ewes can be diagnosed by detecting the agent from the faeces of ewes:
F
salmonellosis can cause septicaemia in sheep
T
First pregnancy predisposes ewes to abortion caused by salmonellae
T
Salmonella Enteritidis can cause salmonellosis in sheep
T
salmonella abortion of ewes can be diagnosed by detecting the agent from the foetus
T
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of Ovine Salmonellosis
T
Sheep are widely vaccinated for the prevention of abortion cause by Salmonellae spp.
F
Abortion of ewes cause by Salmonellosis generally happens 2-4 weeks after the acute clinical
signs.
T
Salmonellosis can cause septicemia in sheep.
T
Salmonella Abortusovis can cause abortion in ewes.
T
Mixing ewes in their first pregnancy and old pregnant ewes predisposes to abortion caused
salmonellae.
T
Salmonella Abortusovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis in rams.
F
Sexual transmission is the main way of infection with Salmonella Abortusovis.
F
Septicemia occurs in the case of ovine salmonellosis.
T
Ewes in their first pregnancy are more susceptible to Salmonella abortusovis than older ewes.
T
Salmonella abortusovis is mainly transmitted at mating.
F
Abortions caused by Salmonella abortusovis are prevented with widespread vaccination.
F
Salmonella abortusovis can cause birth of non-viable lambs.
T
Sheep are usually infected per os by Salmonella abortusovis.
T
Rams don’t show any clinical signs of Salmonella Abortusovis
T
Salmonella Typhimurium can frequently cause salmonellosis in sheep.
T
Fever and diarrhoea are frequent clinical signs of ovine salmonellosis.
T
Parasitic infections are an important predisposing factor of salmonella in sheep and goat.
T
In the generalized form of salmonellosis in sheep and goat, a watery foamy diarrhoea can be
seen.
T
Abortion caused by S. abortusovis is very common in goats.
F
Mixing of young and older ewes is the most important predisposing factor in the abortive form.
T
Venereal infection is the primary mode of infection in case of S. abortusovis.
F
Serology is a good way to diagnose abortive salmonellosis in sheep.
T
Vaccination is the best way to prevent S. abortusovis.
F
Salmonella abortion of sheep occurs in late winter.
T
Focal inflammation and necrosis is seen in the liver of lambs in case of salmonellosis.
T
Salmonella abortion of sheep occurs mainly in older ewes.
F
S. abortusovis can cause abortion only in sheep.
T
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of salmonellosis of horses.
T
Mixing horses from different origin can predispose animals to salmonellosis.
T
Salmonella Typhimurium can cause salmonellosis in horses.
T
Equine herpesvirus-1 can predispose mares to salmonella abortion.
T
Salmonellosis of horses is limited to the gut; the agent cannot get into the bloodstream.
F
Pregnant mares abort in the acute phase of salmonellosis.
F
Arthritis can occur in mares after salmonella abortion:
T
salmonella abortion of mares happens always a few days before the expected birth
F
if mares abort because of salmonellosis, high level of antibodies can be detected in the blood of the mares:
T
Salmonella Abortusequi causes abortion of horses
T
Transportation is a predisposing factor of equine salmonellosis
T
Equine herpesvirus 1 infection can predispose horses to salmonellosis.
T
Salmonellosis of horses occurs only in foals in the first month of life.
F
Tenosynovitis can be a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis.
T
Enteritis can be a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis.
T
Certain virus infections can predispose horses to salmonellosis.
T
Horses are regularly vaccinated in order to prevent salmonellosis.
F
Abortion is a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis.
T
Foals are aborted in the febrile phase of salmonellosis.
F
Isolation of salmonellae from aborted foals confirm the diagnosis of salmonellosis.
T
Mares are regularly vaccination with vaccine containing Salmonella typhimurium.
F
Salmonella Typhimurium can cause acute salmonellosis in foals.
T
Mixing of animals is a predisposing factor of acute salmonellosis in foals.
T
Salmonellosis of horses occurs only in acute form.
F
Salmonella typhimurium can cause salmonellosis in horses.
T
Mixing horses of different origin can predispose to salmonellosis.
T
Salmonellosis of horses are always limited to gut.
F
Salmonella abortusequi causes abortion in horses.
T
Young pregnant mares are more susceptible for Salmonella abortusequi infection than older
ones.
T
Salmonella abortusequi causes septicaemia in horses.
T
Vaccination against Salmonella abortusequi is widespread to prevent losses.
F
Transportation is a predisposing factor of equine salmonellosis.
T
Salmonella Equi is the main agent of equine salmonellosis.
F
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis.
T
Diarrhoea is the only clinical sign of equine salmonellosis.
F
Salmonella spp. can cause abortion in horses.
T
Foal septicaemia in case of salmonellosis causes bloody diarrhoea.
T
Foal septicaemia in case of salmonellosis is highly age-related.
.
F
Mycotoxins are an important predisposing factor in foal septicaemia.
T
Foal septicaemia is caused by S. typhimurium.
T
Abortion caused by S. abortusequi occurs a few days after the infection.
F
Salmonellosis of horses in abortive form, most often occurs in older mares.
F
Abortion caused by S. abortusequi most often occurs in the 2nd trimester
F
Salmonella in carnivores is mostly caused by S. typhimurium.
T
High number of bacteria are needed to cause an infection in case of salmonellosis in
carnivores.
T
Carnivores usually contract salmonella by eating contaminated raw meat.
T
Salmonellosis in carnivores can be seen only in young and weak animals, or immunodeficient
animals.
T
CNS signs can occur in foxes in case of salmonellosis.
T
Salmonella Infantis is most frequent serotype in the case of asymptomatic carriage in
poultry.
T
Salmonella reduction programs aim the reduction only for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium
in breeding poultry flocks.
F
Salmonella reduction programs aim the reduction only for S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium
in broiler flocks.
T
In the salmonella reduction programs ELISA tests are used to recognize the carrier animals.
F
Fowl typhoid occurs nowadays mainly in large scale farms.
F
Atrophy of the ovaries is a postmortem lesion of fowl typhoid.
T
Fowl typhoid can occur in hens and chicken
T
Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella Avium.
F
The agent of fowl typhoid does not kill the embryo.
F
No postmortem lesions can be seen in the case of fowl typhoid.
F
Germinative infection can happen in the case of fowl typhoid
T
Animals infected with the agent of fowl typhoid can be recognised by using plate
agglutination test.
T
Lesions of fowl typhoid is limited to the gut:
F
asymptomatic carriage of salmonella by birds is generally limited to the gut:
T
Focal inflammation and necrosis can be seen in the liver in birds with fowl typhoid
T
fowl typhoid has a double peak death curve
T
fowl typhoid can be seen sporadically in zoo birds in Europe:
T
omphalitis is a clinical sign of fowl typhoid:
T
fowl typhoid is caused by salmonella gallinarum
T
arthritis can be a clinical sign of fowl typhoid
T
the agent of fowl typhoid can infect newly hatched chicken in the hatchery
T
The lesions of fowl typhoid are limited to the gut
F
Isolation of the agent of fowl typhoid from dead eggs prove infection of the herd with the
agent
T
Fowl typhoid can be spread by aerogenic infection.
F
T! Aerosol, germinative and PO infection
In the case of fowl typhoid there is a peak of death cases between days 3 and 5.
T
Fowl typhoid is an acute disease of poultry.
T
Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella Gallinarum.
T
Fowl typhoid is more frequent in water fowl than hens.
F
The susceptibility to fowl typhoid is increasing with age.
F
Fowl typhoid can spread with germinative infection.
T
Fowl typhoid has a death peak on days 3-5.
T
Fowl typhoid has no effect on hatching %.
F
Unabsorbed yolk sack is a post mortem lesion of fowl typhoid.
T
Fowl typhoid is a frequent disease in large scale farms.
F
Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella Enteritidis.
F
Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of fowl typhoid.
T
Arthritis is a clinical sign of fowl typhoid.
T
Germinative infection is important in the epidemiology of fowl typhoid.
T
Salmonella gallinarum/pollorum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid.
T
No post mortem lesions can be seen in the case of fowl typhoid.
F
After recovery from fowl typhoid the animals do not remain carriers.
F
Fowl typhoid generally does not occur in large scale poultry farms.
T
Fowl typhoid is mainly seen in large scale poultry farms.
F
Salmonella gallinarium is the agent of fowl typhoid.
T
In case of fowl typhoid, the death curve peak at age 5-6 weeks.
F
In case of Salmonella Gallinarum, germinative and aerogenic infection can happen.
T
In fowl typhoid there are two peaks during the epidemic.
T
Fowl typhoid can’t spread in a germinative manner
F
Fowl typhoid can be diagnosed locally with agglutination methods.
T
Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella avium.
F
The agent of fowl typhoid is shed in the faces in high number.
T
Asymptomatic carriage of Salmonella can occur in poultry.
T
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of Salmonellosis in birds.
T
Fowl typhoid have an exponential loss curve.
F
Fowl typhoid can infect the ovaries.
T
White diarrhoea is a sign in young chickens with fowl typhoid.
T
We can use slide agglutination to detect fowl typhoid.
T
We can use tetracyclines to treat fowl typhoid.
T
Fowl typhoid is caused by facultative pathogenic Salmonella.
F
Rotting eggs are an important clinical sign of fowl typhoid.
F
Dead eggs can be seen in fowl typhoid.
T
Fowl typhoid can be seen only in adult birds.
F
Decreased hatchability is an important clinical sign of fowl typhoid.
T
Fowl typhoid propagates by germinative infection.
T
Diarrhoea is not a typical clinical sign of fowl cholera.
F
Fowl typhoid is more frequent in water fowl than hens.
F
Fowl typhoid is usually a disease of waterfowl.
F
The highest infection rate of fowl typhoid is between days 8-10.
F
The susceptibility to fowl typhoid increases with age.
F
Clinical signs of fowl paratyphoid are frequently seen in the laying period.
T
Fowl paratyphoid is limited to the gut, there is no septicaemia.
F
Fowl paratyphoid has been eradicated in Europe.
F
Agent of fowl paratyphoid can cause generalised disease
T
Some viral infections can predispose animals to fowl paratyphoid:
T
salmonella avium is the main aetiological agent of fowl paratyphoid:
F
Germinative infection can occur in the case of fowl paratyphoid:
T
Fowl paratyphoid is caused by facultatively pathogenic salmonellae
T
Fowl Paratyphoid is caused by facultative pathogenic salmonellae
T
Infectious bursitis can predispose chicken to fowl paratyphoid.
T
Fowl paratyphoid is caused by Salmonella Gallinarum/Pullorum.
F
Fowl paratyphoid alone occurs at any age.
F
Fowl paratyphoid is a septicaemic disease in chicken.
T
Salmonella gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl paratyphoid.
F
Fowl paratyphoid cannot be seen in the European poultry flocks anymore.
F
Germinative infection happens in the case of fowl paratyphoid.
T
Lesions of fowl paratyphoid occur only in the intestinal tract.
F
Salmonella Enteritidis can cause fowl paratyphoid.
T
Fowl paratyphoid occurs typically in 2-5 months old poultry.
F
Germinative infection does not occur in the case of fowl paratyphoid.
F
There are no vaccines to prevent fowl paratyphoid.
F
Salmonella derby is a frequent agent of fowl paratyphoid.
F
Clinical signs of fowl paratyphoid are mainly seen in adult birds.
F
Germinative infection does not occur in the case of fowl paratyphoid.
F
Clinical signs of fowl paratyphoid can be successfully stopped with antibiotics.
T
The agent of fowl paratyphoid are facultative pathogenic bacteria.
T
The clinical signs of fowl paratyphoid are mainly seen in birds below 4 weeks of age.
T
Antibiotic treatment can prevent the carriage of salmonella, after fowl paratyphoid.
F
Paratyphoid of poultry can be spread in a germinative way.
T
Paratyphoid of poultry only affects the intestines.
F
Paratyphoid of poultry affects adult animals mainly.
F
The clinical signs of fowl paratyphoid can be seen mainly in adult hens.
F
Fowl paratyphoid is a generalized disease with septicaemia.
T
Isolation of the agent of fowl paratyphoid from the parenchymal organs results in
aetiological diagnosis.
T
Fowl paratyphoid is a rare and sporadic disease.
F
Fowl paratyphoid mostly occurs in 0-2 weeks old chickens.
T
Fowl paratyphoid infection occurs by PO or germinative routes.
T
Purulent conjunctivitis can occur as a clinical sign in ducks with fowl paratyphoid.
T
Fluoroquinolones can be used to treat fowl paratyphoid.
T
Fowl paratyphoid can be spread by rodents.
T
Fowl paratyphoid can occur alone only in the first 2 weeks of life.
T
Live and attenuated vaccines can be used to prevent fowl paratyphoid.
T
Fowl paratyphoid usually causes generalized disease.
T
Fowl paratyphoid causes disease mainly in water fowl.
F
We can certify “salmonella-free” status of poultry stock with serological tests
F
Fowl paratyphoid causes high morbidity mostly in water birds.
T?
